3,989 research outputs found
Fidelity susceptibility and long-range correlation in the Kitaev honeycomb model
We study exactly both the ground-state fidelity susceptibility and bond-bond
correlation function in the Kitaev honeycomb model. Our results show that the
fidelity susceptibility can be used to identify the topological phase
transition from a gapped A phase with Abelian anyon excitations to a gapless B
phase with non-Abelian anyon excitations. We also find that the bond-bond
correlation function decays exponentially in the gapped phase, but
algebraically in the gapless phase. For the former case, the correlation length
is found to be , which diverges
around the critical point .Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Quantum double of Heisenberg-Weyl algebra, its universal R-matrix and their representations
In this paper a new quasi-triangular Hopf algebra as the quantum double of
the Heisenberg-Weyl algebra is presented.Its universal R-matrix is built and
the corresponding representation theory are studied with the explict
construction for the representations of this quantum double. \newpageComment: 12 page
Formulation and characterization of biocompatible and stable I.V. itraconazole nanosuspensions stabilized by a new stabilizer polyethylene glycol-poly(β-Benzyl-L-aspartate) (PEG-PBLA)
Abstract Amphiphilic block copolymers, PEG-PBLA with different molecular weights, were synthesized and used as new stabilizers for Itraconazole nannosuspensions (ITZ-PBLA-Nanos). ITZ-PBLA-Nanos were prepared by the microprecipitation-high pressure homogenization method, and the particle size and zeta potential were measured using a ZetaSizer Nano-ZS90. Morphology and crystallinity were studied using TEM, DSC and powder X-ray. The effect of the PEG-to-PBLA ratio, and the drug-to-stabilizer ratio were investigated to obtain the optimal formulation. It was found that the optimal length of hydrophobic block was 25 BLA-NCA molecules and the optimal ratio of drug/stabilizer was 1:1, where the resulted average particle size of ITZ-PBLA-Nanos was 262.1 ± 7.13 nm with a PDI value of 0.163 ± 0.011. The images of TEM suggest that ITZ-PBLA-Nanos were rectangular in shape. ITZ existed as crystals in the nanoparticles as suggested by the DSC and XRD results. Compared with the crude drug suspensions, the dissolution rate of ITZ nanocrystals, was significantly increased and was similar to Sporanox® injection. The ITZ-PBLA-Nanos also demonstrated better dilution stability and storage stability compared with ITZ-F68-Nanos. The particle size of ITZ-PBLA-Nanos did not change significantly after incubated in rat plasma for 24 h which is a good attribute for I.V. administration. Acute toxicity tests showed that ITZ-PBLA-Nanos has the highest LD50 compared with ITZ-F68-Nanos and Sporanox® injection. ITZ-PBLA-Nanos also showed stronger inhibiting effect on the growth of Candida albicans compared with Sporanox® injection. Therefore, PEG-PBLA has a promising potential as a biocompatible stabilizer for ITZ nanosuspensions and potentially for other nanosuspensions as well
Three-dimensional magnetic flux rope structure formed by multiple sequential X-line reconnection at the magnetopause
On 14 June 2007, four Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft observed a flux transfer event (FTE) on the dayside magnetopause, which has been previously proved to be generated by multiple, sequential X-line reconnection (MSXR) in a 2-D context. This paper reports a further study of the MSXR event to show the 3-D viewpoint based on additional measurements. The 3-D structure of the FTE flux rope across the magnetospheric boundary is obtained on the basis of multipoint measurements taken on both sides of the magnetopause. The flux rope's azimuthally extended section is found to lie approximately on the magnetopause surface and parallel to the X-line direction; while the axis of the magnetospheric branch is essentially along the local unperturbed magnetospheric field lines. In the central region of the flux rope, as distinct from the traditional viewpoint, we find from the electron distributions that two types of magnetic field topology coexist: opened magnetic field lines connecting the magnetosphere and the magnetosheath and closed field lines connecting the Southern and Northern hemispheres. We confirm, therefore, for the first time, the characteristic feature of the 3-D reconnected magnetic flux rope, formed through MSXR, through a determination of the field topology and the plasma distributions within the flux rope. Knowledge of the complex geometry of FTE flux ropes will improve our understanding of solar wind-magnetosphere interaction.Astronomy & AstrophysicsSCI(E)5ARTICLE51904-191111
Energetic ion injection and formation of the storm-time symmetric ring current
An extensive study of ring current injection and intensification of the storm-time ring current is conducted with three-dimensional (3-D) test particle trajectory calculations (TPTCs). The TPTCs reveal more accurately the process of ring current injection, with the main results being the following: (1) an intense convection electric field can effectively energize and inject plasma sheet particles into the ring current region within 1–3 h. (2) Injected ions often follow chaotic trajectories in non-adiabatic regions, which may have implications in storm and ring current physics. (3) The shielding electric field, which arises as a consequence of enhanced convection and co-exists with the injection and convection electric field, may cause the original open trajectories of injected ions with higher energy to change into closed ones, thus playing a role in the formation of the symmetric ring current
Recovery of Stem Cell Proliferation by Low Intensity Vibration Under Simulated Microgravity Requires LINC Complex
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) rely on their ability to integrate physical and spatial signals at load bearing sites to replace and renew musculoskeletal tissues. Designed to mimic unloading experienced during spaceflight, preclinical unloading and simulated microgravity models show that alteration of gravitational loading limits proliferative activity of stem cells. Emerging evidence indicates that this loss of proliferation may be linked to loss of cellular cytoskeleton and contractility. Low intensity vibration (LIV) is an exercise mimetic that promotes proliferation and differentiation of MSCs by enhancing cell structure. Here, we asked whether application of LIV could restore the reduced proliferative capacity seen in MSCs that are subjected to simulated microgravity. We found that simulated microgravity (sMG) decreased cell proliferation and simultaneously compromised cell structure. These changes included increased nuclear height, disorganized apical F-actin structure, reduced expression, and protein levels of nuclear lamina elements LaminA/C LaminB1 as well as linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex elements Sun-2 and Nesprin-2. Application of LIV restored cell proliferation and nuclear proteins LaminA/C and Sun-2. An intact LINC function was required for LIV effect; disabling LINC functionality via co-depletion of Sun-1, and Sun-2 prevented rescue of cell proliferation by LIV. Our findings show that sMG alters nuclear structure and leads to decreased cell proliferation, but does not diminish LINC complex mediated mechanosensitivity, suggesting LIV as a potential candidate to combat sMG-induced proliferation loss
Integrabilities of the Model with Impurities
The hamiltonian with magnetic impurities coupled to the strongly correlated
electron system is constructed from model. And it is diagonalized exactly
by using the Bethe ansatz method. Our boundary matrices depend on the spins of
the electrons. The Kondo problem in this system is discussed in details. The
integral equations are derived with complex rapidities which describe the bound
states in the system. The finite-size corrections for the ground-state energies
are obtained.Comment: 24 pages, Revtex, To be published in J. Phys.
Rashbons: Properties and their significance
In presence of a synthetic non-Abelian gauge field that induces a Rashba like
spin-orbit interaction, a collection of weakly interacting fermions undergoes a
crossover from a BCS ground state to a BEC ground state when the strength of
the gauge field is increased [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 84}, 014512 (2011)]. The BEC
that is obtained at large gauge coupling strengths is a condensate of tightly
bound bosonic fermion-pairs whose properties are solely determined by the
Rashba gauge field -- hence called rashbons. In this paper, we conduct a
systematic study of the properties of rashbons and their dispersion. This study
reveals a new qualitative aspect of the problem of interacting fermions in
non-Abelian gauge fields, i.e., that the rashbon state induced by the gauge
field for small centre of mass momenta of the fermions ceases to exist when
this momentum exceeds a critical value which is of the order of the gauge
coupling strength. The study allows us to estimate the transition temperature
of the rashbon BEC, and suggests a route to enhance the exponentially small
transition temperature of the system with a fixed weak attraction to the order
of the Fermi temperature by tuning the strength of the non-Abelian gauge field.
The nature of the rashbon dispersion, and in particular the absence of the
rashbon states at large momenta, suggests a regime of parameter space where the
normal state of the system will be a dynamical mixture of uncondensed rashbons
and unpaired helical fermions. Such a state should show many novel features
including pseudogap physics.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
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