Dynamic patterns of randomly selected salt-responsive proteins at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after 200 mM NaCl treatment on <i>B</i>. <i>napus</i> ‘Nannongyou No. 3’ leaves.

<p>Dynamic patterns of randomly selected salt-responsive proteins at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after 200 mM NaCl treatment on <i>B</i>. <i>napus</i> ‘Nannongyou No. 3’ leaves.</p

Effects of salt-stress treatments on plant biomass in <i>B</i>. <i>napus</i> ‘Nannongyou No. 3’.

<p>Values shown are means ± SD from three biological replicates. ** indicates a significant difference (compared with the control) at <i>p</i> < 0.01.</p

Effects of salt-stress treatments on enzyme activities in leaves of <i>B</i>. <i>napus</i> ‘Nannongyou No. 3’ seedlings.

<p>Values shown are means ± SD from three biological replicates. ** indicates a significant difference (compared with the control) at <i>p</i> < 0.01.</p

Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gel images of proteins extracted from leaf 3 of <i>B</i>. <i>napus</i> ‘Nannongyou No. 3’ treated with 200 mM NaCl.

<p>The 42 salt-stress-responsive protein spots identified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which are numbered and indicated by arrows, correspond to the spot numbers in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0144808#pone.0144808.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Effect of salt-stress treatments on pigments in <i>B</i>. <i>napus</i> ‘Nannongyou No. 3’.

<p>Values shown are means ± SD from three biological replicates.</p

Functional classification of differentially accumulated proteins identified in <i>B</i>. <i>napus</i> leaves under salt stress.

<p>Functional classification of differentially accumulated proteins identified in <i>B</i>. <i>napus</i> leaves under salt stress.</p

Histological, Physiological, and Comparative Proteomic Analyses Provide Insights into Leaf Rolling in <i>Brassica napus</i>

Moderate leaf rolling is important in ideotype breeding, as it improves photosynthetic efficiency and therefore increases crop yields. To understand the regulatory network of leaf rolling in <i>Brassica napus</i>, a down-curved leaf mutant (<i>Bndcl1</i>) has been investigated. Physiological analyses indicated that the chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities were remarkably increased and the photosynthetic performance was significantly improved in <i>Bndcl1.</i> Consistent with these findings, 943 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in the <i>Bndcl1</i> mutant and its wild-type plants using iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analyses. Enrichment analysis of proteins with higher abundance in <i>Bndcl1</i> revealed that the functional category “photosynthesis” was significantly overrepresented. Moreover, proteins associated with oxidative stress response and photosystem II repairing were also up-accumulated in <i>Bndcl1</i>, which might help the mutant to sustain the photosynthetic efficiency under unfavorable conditions. Histological observation showed that the mutant displayed defects in adaxial-abaxial patterning. Important DAPs associated with leaf polarity establishment were detected in <i>Bndcl1</i>, including ribosomal proteins, proteins involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing, and proteins related to brassinosteroid. Together, our findings may help clarify the mechanisms underlying leaf rolling and its physiological effects on plants and may facilitate ideotype breeding in <i>Brassica napus</i>

Histological, Physiological, and Comparative Proteomic Analyses Provide Insights into Leaf Rolling in <i>Brassica napus</i>

Moderate leaf rolling is important in ideotype breeding, as it improves photosynthetic efficiency and therefore increases crop yields. To understand the regulatory network of leaf rolling in <i>Brassica napus</i>, a down-curved leaf mutant (<i>Bndcl1</i>) has been investigated. Physiological analyses indicated that the chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities were remarkably increased and the photosynthetic performance was significantly improved in <i>Bndcl1.</i> Consistent with these findings, 943 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in the <i>Bndcl1</i> mutant and its wild-type plants using iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analyses. Enrichment analysis of proteins with higher abundance in <i>Bndcl1</i> revealed that the functional category “photosynthesis” was significantly overrepresented. Moreover, proteins associated with oxidative stress response and photosystem II repairing were also up-accumulated in <i>Bndcl1</i>, which might help the mutant to sustain the photosynthetic efficiency under unfavorable conditions. Histological observation showed that the mutant displayed defects in adaxial-abaxial patterning. Important DAPs associated with leaf polarity establishment were detected in <i>Bndcl1</i>, including ribosomal proteins, proteins involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing, and proteins related to brassinosteroid. Together, our findings may help clarify the mechanisms underlying leaf rolling and its physiological effects on plants and may facilitate ideotype breeding in <i>Brassica napus</i>

Histological, Physiological, and Comparative Proteomic Analyses Provide Insights into Leaf Rolling in <i>Brassica napus</i>

Moderate leaf rolling is important in ideotype breeding, as it improves photosynthetic efficiency and therefore increases crop yields. To understand the regulatory network of leaf rolling in <i>Brassica napus</i>, a down-curved leaf mutant (<i>Bndcl1</i>) has been investigated. Physiological analyses indicated that the chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities were remarkably increased and the photosynthetic performance was significantly improved in <i>Bndcl1.</i> Consistent with these findings, 943 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in the <i>Bndcl1</i> mutant and its wild-type plants using iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analyses. Enrichment analysis of proteins with higher abundance in <i>Bndcl1</i> revealed that the functional category “photosynthesis” was significantly overrepresented. Moreover, proteins associated with oxidative stress response and photosystem II repairing were also up-accumulated in <i>Bndcl1</i>, which might help the mutant to sustain the photosynthetic efficiency under unfavorable conditions. Histological observation showed that the mutant displayed defects in adaxial-abaxial patterning. Important DAPs associated with leaf polarity establishment were detected in <i>Bndcl1</i>, including ribosomal proteins, proteins involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing, and proteins related to brassinosteroid. Together, our findings may help clarify the mechanisms underlying leaf rolling and its physiological effects on plants and may facilitate ideotype breeding in <i>Brassica napus</i>

Gene content of the mitochondrial DNA of <i>Eruca sativa</i>.

<p>Gene content of the mitochondrial DNA of <i>Eruca sativa</i>.</p