11,731 research outputs found
Hyperelastic antiplane ground cloaking
Hyperelastic materials possess the appealing property that they may be
employed as elastic wave manipulation devices and cloaks by imposing
pre-deformation. They provide an alternative to microstructured metamaterials
and can be used in a reconfigurable manner. Previous studies indicate that
exact elastodynamic invariance to pre-deformation holds only for neo-Hookean
solids in the antiplane wave scenario and the semi-linear material in the
in-plane compressional/shear wave context. Furthermore, although ground cloaks
have been considered in the acoustic context they have not yet been discussed
for elastodynamics, either by employing microstructured cloaks or hyperelastic
cloaks. This work therefore aims at exploring the possibility of employing a
range of hyperelastic materials for use as antiplane ground cloaks (AGCs). The
use of the popular incompressible Arruda-Boyce and Mooney-Rivlin nonlinear
materials is explored. The scattering problem associated with the AGC is
simulated via finite element analysis where the cloaked region is formed by an
indentation of the surface. Results demonstrate that the neo-Hookean medium can
be used to generate a perfect hyperelastic AGC as should be expected.
Furthermore, although the AGC performance of the Mooney-Rivlin material is not
particularly satisfactory, it is shown that the Arruda-Boyce medium is an
excellent candidate material for this purpose
Band Gap Formation and Tunability in Stretchable Serpentine Interconnects
Serpentine interconnects are highly stretchable and frequently used in
flexible electronic systems. In this work, we show that the undulating geometry
of the serpentine interconnects will generate phononic band gaps to manipulate
elastic wave propagation. The interesting effect of `bands-sticking-together'
is observed. We further illustrate that the band structures of the serpentine
interconnects can be tuned by applying pre-stretch deformation. The discovery
offers a way to design stretchable and tunable phononic crystals by using
metallic interconnects instead of the conventional design with soft rubbers and
unfavorable damping.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Tail Dependence among Agricultural Insurance Indices: The Case of Iowa County-Level Rainfalls
Index insurance has been promoted as a cost-effective risk management alternative for agricultural producers in developing countries. In this paper, we ask whether spatially separated weather variables commonly used in index insurance design, such as rainfall at different weather stations within a defined geographical area, are more highly correlated at the tails. As a case study, we assess the degree of tail dependence exhibited by Iowa June county-level rainfalls using copulas. We search among various candidate bivariate copulas and, using goodness-of-fit for copulas, attempt to identify the copula structures that best explain the nature of dependence among rainfalls in adjacent counties. Our results provide strong evidence that lower tail dependence exists in most of adjacent county-level rainfalls in Iowa. The results also suggest that patterns of tail dependence differ across counties.tail dependence, copulas, index insurance, weather indices, Risk and Uncertainty,
Storage Density of Shift-Multiplexed Holographic Memory
The storage density of shift-multiplexed holographic memory is calculated and compared with experimentally achieved densities by use of photorefractive and write-once materials. We consider holographic selectivity as well as the recording material s dynamic range (M /#) and required diffraction efficiencies in formulating the calculations of storage densities, thereby taking into account all major factors limiting the raw storage density achievable with shift-multiplexed holographic storage systems. We show that the M /# is the key factor in limiting storage densities rather than the recording material s thickness for organic materials in which the scatter is relatively high. A storage density of 100 bits m2 is experimentally demonstrated by use of a 1-mm-thick LiNbO3 crystal as the recording medium
Berry phase of the composite-fermion Fermi Sea: Effect of Landau-level mixing
We construct explicit lowest-Landau-level wave functions for the
composite-fermion Fermi sea and its low energy excitations following a recently
developed approach [Pu, Wu and Jain, Phys. Rev. B 96, 195302 (2018)] and
demonstrate them to be very accurate representations of the Coulomb
eigenstates. We further ask how the Berry phase associated with a closed loop
around the Fermi circle, predicted to be in a Dirac composite fermion
theory satisfying particle-hole symmetry [D. T. Son, Phys. Rev. X 5, 031027
(2015)], is affected by Landau level mixing. For this purpose, we consider a
simple model wherein we determine the variational ground state as a function of
Landau level mixing within the space spanned by two basis functions: the
lowest-Landau-level projected and the unprojected composite-fermion Fermi sea
wave functions. We evaluate Berry phase for a path around the Fermi circle
within this model following a recent prescription, and find that it rotates
rapidly as a function of Landau level mixing. We also consider the effect of a
particle-hole symmetry breaking three-body interaction on the Berry phase while
confining the Hilbert space to the lowest Landau level. Our study deepens the
connection between the Berry phase and the exact particle-hole symmetry
in the lowest Landau level.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
Abnormal enhancement of electric field inside a thin permittivity-near-zero object in free space
It is found that the electric field can be enhanced strongly inside a
permittivity-near-zero object in free space, when the transverse cross section
of the object is small and the length along the propagation direction of the
incident wave is large enough as compared with the wavelength. The physical
mechanism is explained in details. The incident electromagnetic energy can only
flow almost normally through the outer surface into or out of the
permittivity-near-zero object, which leads to large energy stream density and
then strong electric field inside the object. Meanwhile, the magnetic field
inside the permittivity-near-zero object may be smaller than that of the
incident wave, which is also helpful for enhancing the electric field. Two
permittivity-near-zero objects of simple shapes, namely, a thin cylindrical
shell and a long thin rectangular bar, are chosen for numerical illustration.
The enhancement of the electric field becomes stronger when the
permittivity-near-zero object becomes thinner. The physical mechanism of the
field enhancement is completely different from the plasmonic resonance
enhancement at a metal surface
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