Chromosomal location and mapping of quantitative trait locus determining technological parameters of grain and flour in strong-flour bread wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29

Bread wheat is the primary bread crop in the majority of countries in the world. The most important product that is manufactured from its grain and flour is yeast bread. In order to obtain an excellent bread, grain with high physical properties is needed for flour and dough. The Russian spring wheat cultivar Saratovskaya 29 is characterized by its exclusively high physical properties of flour and dough. The purpose of this work was to identify the chromosomes carrying the main loci for these traits in Saratovskaya 29 and to map them using recombinant substitution lines genotyped with molecular markers. A set of inter-varietal substitution lines Saratovskaya 29 (Yanetzkis Probat) was used to identify the “critical” chromosomes. The donor of individual chromosomes is a spring cultivar with average dough strength and tenacity. Substitution of 1D and 4D*7A chromosomes in the genetic background of Saratovskaya 29 resulted in a significant decrease in the physical properties of the dough. Such a deterioration in the case of 1D chromosome might be related to the variability of gluten protein composition. With the help of recombinant substitution double haploid lines obtained from a Saratovskaya 29 (Yanetzkis Probat 4D*7A) substitution line the region on the 4D chromosome was revealed in the strong-flour cultivar Saratovskaya 29, with the microsatellite locus Xgwm0165 to be associated with the unique physical properties of flour and dough. The detected locus is not related to the composition gluten proteins. These locus may be recommended to breeders for the selection of strong-flour cultivars. Additionally, a QTL associated with vitreousness of grain was mapped in the short arm of chromosome 7A

Properties of grain, flour and dough in bread wheat lines with Aegilops markgrafii introgressions

Various milling parameters, wet gluten content and key dough properties were analyzed for two sister lines of bread wheat with Ae. markgrafii introgressions in genetic background of cultivar Alcedo carrying a set of sub-chromosomal alien segments on chromosomes 2AS, 2BS, 3BL, 4AL and 6DL. The lines revealed higher grain vitreousness, larger particle size of flour, and higher wet gluten content in grain compared to cv. Alcedo. The flour from these lines also showed excellent water absorption and developed more resilient dough. The introgressions in the Alcedo genome caused no reduction in 1,000-grain weight. General improvement of the grain technological properties appears to be the result of introgressions into 2AS, 2BS and 3BL chromosomes. Coincidence of locations of Ae. markgrafii introgressions in chromosome with the QTLs positions for technological traits, revealed in bread wheat mapping populations, is discussed

PREDICTION OF THE STRUCTURE AND LOCALIZATION OF GENES CONTROLLING LEAF PUBESCENCE IN WHEAT TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. AND BARLEY HORDEUM VULGARE L. BASED ON ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (L.) HEYNH. GENES DATA

Investigation of the formation of leaf hairs in cereals is important both for practical and fundamental points of view. Trichomes have a number of important functions related to protection from pests and counteracting to environmental factors. On the other hand trichomes are interesting from the plant development standpoint. However, information about the molecular organization of these genes and their interactions, and localization is incomplete. Large genome size of T. aestivum and H. vulgare makes finding and mapping the genes responsible for leaf pubescence enormously resource-intensive task. On the other hand, control of leaf pubescence in a representative dicotyledonous A. thaliana is well researched. According to modern ideas, higher plants are descended from the one common ancestor, i.e. they are monophyletic. That allows, based on genes known to one well-studied species, to predict the structure, as well as to predict the location of functionally similar genes in other species. Preliminary analysis and prediction of localization can significantly reduce the work on the mapping of genes controlling pubescence. In our work, on the basis of literary sources, as well as information from databases, the gene network for trichome formation was reconstructed. We used KEGG (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/), NCBI: Gene (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene) and PLAZA 2.5 databases (http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/plaza/). We performed a phylogenetic analysis of genes belonging to this network. The analysis suggests the presence of functionally similar genes from the reconstructed gene network for a wide range of higher plants. Based on the representation of the genes we have identified conserved part of gene network controlling leaf pubescence of A. thaliana. With service KEGG SSDB (http://www.kegg.jp/kegg/ssdb/), we found the genes most similar functionally to the current ones in Oryza sativa L. Then, using the comparative chromosome maps we evaluated the localization of the leaf hairiness genes on T. aestivum and H. vulgare chromosomes. Interestingly that three of the predicted genes colocalized with the known genetic markers, modifying the pubescence in H. vulgare. Thus, these data allow us to predict the location of genes controlling leaf pubescence on the H. vulgare chromosomes and in T. aestivum homoeologous group of chromosomes. Phenotypic effects of the predicted genes may also be predicted

Locating Stable Across Environment QTL Involved in the Determination of Agronomic Characters in Wheat

The International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying some key agronomic characters in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Trait measurements were taken from five independent field experiments performed in Serbia. Stable across environment QTL involved in the determination of heading/flowering time and ear morphology/grain yield were detected on, respectively, chromosome arms 2DS and 4AL. These map locations are consistent with those obtained where the same population has been grown in contrasting geographical sites. However, as a result of QTL x environment interactions, not all these QTL are expressed in all environments. Nevertheless the ( pleiotropic) effect on ear morphology appears to be expressed in almost all environments, and so represents a high value target for wheat improvement