A novel design approach for 5G massive MIMO and NB-IoT green networks using a hybrid Jaya-differential evolution algorithm

Our main objective is to reduce power consumption by responding to the instantaneous bit rate demand by the user for 4th Generation (4G) and 5th Generation (5G) Massive MIMO network configurations. Moreover, we present and address the problem of designing green LTE networks with the Internet of Things (IoT) nodes. We consider the new NarrowBand-IoT (NB-IoT) wireless technology that will emerge in current and future access networks. In this context, we apply emerging evolutionary algorithms in the context of green network design. We investigate three different cases to show the performance of the new proposed algorithm, namely the 4G, 5G Massive MIMO, and the NB-IoT technologies. More specifically, we investigate the Teaching-Learning-Optimization (TLBO), the Jaya algorithm, the self-adaptive differential evolution jDE algorithm, and other hybrid algorithms. We introduce a new hybrid algorithm named Jaya-jDE that uses concepts from both Jaya and jDE algorithms in an effective way. The results show that 5G Massive MIMO networks require about 50% less power consumption than the 4G ones, and the NB-IoT in-band deployment requires about 10% less power than guard-band deployment. Moreover, Jaya-jDE emerges as the best algorithm based on the results

Multi-objective optimization of massive MIMO 5G wireless networks towards power consumption, uplink and downlink exposure

Featured Application The proposed method serves for the network planning of massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) based 5G networks. This will be beneficial for the mobile network operators who aim to deploy wireless networks that are cost-effective and electromagnetic (EMF) -aware while providing maximal coverage for the users. Abstract The rapid development of the number of wireless broadband devices requires that the induced uplink exposure be addressed during the design of the future wireless networks, in addition to the downlink exposure due to the transmission of the base stations. In this paper, the positions and power levels of massive MIMO-LTE (Multiple Input Multiple Output-Long Term Evolution) base stations are optimized towards low power consumption, low downlink and uplink electromagnetic exposure and maximal user coverage. A suburban area in Ghent, Belgium has been considered. The results show that the higher the number of BS antenna elements, the fewer number of BSs the massive MIMO network requires. This leads to a decrease of the downlink exposure (-12% for the electric field and -32% for the downlink dose) and an increase of the uplink exposure (+70% for the uplink dose), whereas both downlink and uplink exposure increase with the number of simultaneous served users (+174% for the electric field and +22% for the uplink SAR). The optimal massive MIMO network presenting the better trade-off between the power consumption, the total dose and the user coverage has been obtained with 37 64-antenna BSs. Moreover, the level of the downlink electromagnetic exposure (electric field) of the massive MIMO network is 5 times lower than the 4G reference scenario

A Course Outline for Education in Legal and Managerial Aspects of Technology

This is the era of technological innovation, and the integration of technology into all sectors of society is a reality. Technology industry has already indicated the need for technology professionals who work and take decisions led not only by their engineering skills, but also by their legal and managerial skills. In this direction, in 2019 we conducted a survey using a questionnaire that was distributed to graduated students of Technology Institutes in Greece, in order to examine their knowhow on Entrepreneurship and on Patent Law in the direction of supporting a potential technological invention. Considering the above mentioned and the conclusion of the survey, in this paper a course is compiled and is proposed to be integrated in undergraduate curriculum of technical universities. The course regards both legal and managerial aspects of technology that concern a professional of technology. Educating new technological scientists to cope with the Technology Industry is a major issue and a qualification that scientific and industrial communities require. This paper serves this purpose; the proposed course is an innovative tool for the new generation technocratic scientists, who will serve the future technological and industrial society

A Course Outline for Education in Legal and Managerial Aspects of Technology

This is the era of technological innovation, and the integration of technology into all sectors of society is a reality. Technology industry has already indicated the need for technology professionals who work and take decisions led not only by their engineering skills, but also by their legal and managerial skills. In this direction, in 2019 we conducted a survey using a questionnaire that was distributed to graduated students of Technology Institutes in Greece, in order to examine their knowhow on Entrepreneurship and on Patent Law in the direction of supporting a potential technological invention. Considering the above mentioned and the conclusion of the survey, in this paper a course is compiled and is proposed to be integrated in undergraduate curriculum of technical universities. The course regards both legal and managerial aspects of technology that concern a professional of technology. Educating new technological scientists to cope with the Technology Industry is a major issue and a qualification that scientific and industrial communities require. This paper serves this purpose; the proposed course is an innovative tool for the new generation technocratic scientists, who will serve the future technological and industrial society

A Novel Method for Supporting Full Interactive Media Stream over IP Network

Abstract It is a challenging issue to analyse video content for supporting interactive operations due to lacking of effective representation of video. In this paper, we present an efficient method for supporting full interactive control of multimedia streams. This potentially offers the desired multilevel Quality of Services (QoS) to the user in order to discover the knowledge in large multimedia databases. The method is based on storing multiple differently encoded versions of the video stream at the server. A normal version is used for normal playback, while several other versions are used for full searching control at variable speedups. Mechanisms for controlling the interactive streams are also presented and their effectiveness is assessed through extensive simulations. Issues related to the implementation of our method are also discussed. Finally, we compare our scheme against other approaches

Interconnecting Haptic Interfaces with High Update Rates through the Internet

Real-time transferring of the haptic sense over the Internet is quite a challenging task. This paper outlines the proposed protocols for transferring haptic streams over the Internet. Moreover, it describes the Quality of Service requirements that a network has to fulfill in order to successfully use haptic interfaces with high update rates over the Internet. Extensive simulations and experiments for the performance evaluation of transport protocols for real-time transferring haptic data are carried out. Complements between simulation and real world experiments are discussed. The metrics that are measured for the performance evaluation are delay, jitter, throughput, efficiency, packet loss and one proposed by the authors, packet arrival deviation. The simulation tests reveal which protocols could be used for the transfer of real-time haptic data over the Internet