Comparative Analysis of Colorfastness of Extracted Pigment from Kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica) with Varied Alcohol Solutions

Inorganic pigments are the most preferred pigments to be produced due to their greater resistance to fade, efficiency in the application, and how it is overall easier and faster to produce. However, natural water is polluted, and close vegetation is damaged because of the affected water channels that have been damaged due to improper disposal by the manufacturing industry. This paper reviews a comparative analysis of the colorfastness of extracted pigment from kangkong with varied alcohol solutions. A total of 7 varying ethyl alcohol solutions with concentrations ranging from 10% to 70% were obtained using the dilution equation. Kangkong leaves were then utilized for the extraction of chlorophyll due to its high leaf yield rate. The Brightness levels and Saturation levels had an inverse and direct correlation to the alcohol concentration, respectively. This suggests that a greater alcohol concentration is more effective and efficient in the extraction of chlorophyll because the samples had a better expression of colors. After observing the color value before and after administering the colorfastness test, the alcohol concentration in the extraction of chlorophyll has an inverse relationship with the colorfastness of the pigment on textile material

Multiplatform Analysis of 12 Cancer Types Reveals Molecular Classification within and across Tissues of Origin

Recent genomic analyses of pathologically-defined tumor types identify “within-a-tissue” disease subtypes. However, the extent to which genomic signatures are shared across tissues is still unclear. We performed an integrative analysis using five genome-wide platforms and one proteomic platform on 3,527 specimens from 12 cancer types, revealing a unified classification into 11 major subtypes. Five subtypes were nearly identical to their tissue-of-origin counterparts, but several distinct cancer types were found to converge into common subtypes. Lung squamous, head & neck, and a subset of bladder cancers coalesced into one subtype typified by TP53 alterations, TP63 amplifications, and high expression of immune and proliferation pathway genes. Of note, bladder cancers split into three pan-cancer subtypes. The multi-platform classification, while correlated with tissue-of-origin, provides independent information for predicting clinical outcomes. All datasets are available for data-mining from a unified resource to support further biological discoveries and insights into novel therapeutic strategies