Poziom spożycia wybranych witamin przez mężczyzn trenujących karate

The intake level of selected vitamins by men trained karateIntroduction. The properly balanced daily food ratio is necessary condition for having high physical capacity among people practicing sports. Very important is that intense physical activity increases the metabolic rate and demand for nutrients including vitamins.The aim.To determine the level of intake selected vitamins in daily food rations of men practicing karate.Material and method. The study involved 187 men practicing karate aged between 19 and 30 years, from the Wielkopolska and Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province. The analysis was based on classical 24-hour recall method with the use of the Microsoft Access 2007 software. The level of realization of the nutritional standards was evaluatedusing current nutrition standards for men with high physical activity aged between 19–30 years.Results.The average level of intake vitamin A in daily food rations of men practicing karate was 1026±513 μg. This content covered of 114% standard Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). The level of intake vitamin E was 8.31±3.43 mg and covered 83.1% the standard Adequate Intake (AI). The analyzed daily food rations contained 180±127 mg vitamin C and that was 100% more than the standard Recommended Daily Intake. The content of vitamins B1, B2, B6, niacin, biotin and folic acid was respectively: 1.46±0.50 mg, 1.81±0.61 mg, 2.08±0.73 mg, 18.0±7.96 mg, 26.2±21.6 μg and 235±109 μg. The nutritional standards for these vitamins was implemented respectively in: 112% for vitamin B1, 139% for vitamin B2, 160% for vitamin B6, 113% for niacin, 87.3% for biotin and 58.8% for folic acid.Cnclusions. The daily food rations of men practicing karate contain incorrect amount of selected vitamins. Men consumed too much vitamin A, C, B1, B2, B6 and niacin. On the other hand intake of vitamin E, biotin and folic acid in their daily food rations was not sufficient

Type and length of vegetarian diet and serum vitamin B12 concentrations

Wstęp: Podstawową zasadą diety wegetariańskiej jest unikanie produktów pochodzenia zwierzęcego. Klasycznym negatywnym skutkiem tej diety jest niedobór witaminy B12. Ocena ustrojowych zasobów tej witaminy jest konieczna w celu wprowadzenia suplementacji w przypadku stwierdzenia jej niedoborów. Współczesna dieta wegetariańska obejmuje podaż gotowych półproduktów i produktów. Cel: Ocena wpływu diety wegetariańskiej na ustrojowe zasoby witaminy B12. Materiał i metody: Badaniami objęto 118 wegetarian (40 wegan, 24 laktowegetarian oraz 54 laktoowowegetarian) oraz 90 osób odżywiających się tradycyjnie. Krócej niż 5 lat pozostawało na diecie 53 wegetarian, natomiast 65 osób dłużej niż 5 lat. U wszystkich badanych oznaczono surowicze stężenia witaminy B12. Wyniki: W grupie wegetarian stosujących dietę dłużej niż 5 lat stężenia witaminy B12 były istotnie statystycznie niższe (Xśr. ± SEM 254±10 pg/ml) niż w grupie osób zdrowych (364±14 pg/ml). Najwyższe surowicze stężenia witaminy B12 (336±10 pg/ml) zaobserwowano u laktoowowegetarian, a najniższe u wegan (281±37 pg/ml). Obniżone stężenia witaminy B12 stwierdzono u 24 (60%) wegan i u 1 osoby (4,2%) stosującej dietę laktowegetariańską. Wnioski: U wegetarian dochodzi do istotnego obniżenia surowiczych stężeń witaminy B12. Dla ustrojowych zasobów witaminy B12, oprócz rodzaju diety, decydujące znaczenie ma także czas jej stosowania. Najbardziej restrykcyjna jest dieta wegańska. Tym samym jej prowadzenie, a zwłaszcza diety wegańskiej, wymaga systematycznej kontroli surowiczych stężeń witaminy B12.Introduction: Avoiding animal products is the basic principle of a vegetarian diet. Deficiency of vitamin B12 is its classic negative effect. The assessment of vitamin B12 resources is necessary to introduce supplementation in case of deficiency. A modern vegetarian diet includes the intake of semi-ready and ready-to-use products. Aim: Assessment of the influence of a modern vegetarian diet on vitamin B12 resources. Material and methods: The study comprised 118 vegetarians (40 vegans, 24 lacto vegetarians and 54 lacto-ovo vegetarians) and 90 omnivores. 53 vegetarians had been on the diet for less than 5 years and 65 for more than 5 years. Serum vitamin B12 concentrations were analyzed in all studied subjects. Results: Long-term vegetarians had lower vitamin B12 concentrations (Xśr. ± SEM: 254±10 pg/ml) than healthy subjects (364±14 pg/ml). Levels of vitamin B12 were highest in lacto-ovo vegetarians (336±10 pg/ml) and lowest in vegans (281±37 pg/ml). Vitamin B12 deficiency was found in 24 (60%) vegans and in 1 (4.2%) lacto-vegetarian. Conclusions: In modern vegetarians a significant decrease of vitamin B12 concentration is found. The type of diet and length of its application has a crucial role for vitamin B12 body resources. A vegan diet is the most restrictive in this respect. Thus a vegetarian diet, especially a vegan one, demands systematic control of serum vitamin B12 concentrations

Non-Pharmacological Treatments for Insulin Resistance: Effective Intervention of Plant-Based Diets—A Critical Review

Plant-based diets are becoming increasingly popular. Vegetarian diets are better for the environment and exhibit health benefits. A correctly balanced plant-based diet is appropriate at every stage of life. Compared to omnivores, vegetarians consume more fruits and vegetables, more fibre, vitamins C and E, magnesium and less saturated fats. In general, they have better nutrition knowledge, and they are slimmer, healthier and live longer than omnivores. It also seems that following a plant-based diet prevents the onset of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, obesity and some cancers. Food intake has a key influence on insulin resistance. Consumption of calorie-rich and highly processed foods, meats and sweetened beverages is a characteristic element of Western diets. They promote and elevate insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In contrast, intake of pulses and exclusion of meats as well as animal products bring significant benefits to vegetarian diets. According to studies, vegetarians and vegans have better blood parameters, including better glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol levels. Their homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) test results are also better. More plant-based foods and fewer animal foods in a diet result in lower insulin resistance and a lower risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of plant-based diets on insulin resistance. In this review, we focused on presenting the positive effects of vegetarian and vegan diets on insulin resistance while showing possible clinical applications of plant-based diets in the treatment and prevention of modern-age diseases. Current and reliable publications meeting the requirements of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) were taken into account in this review

Poziom spożycia wybranych witamin przez mężczyzn trenujących karate

The intake level of selected vitamins by men trained karateIntroduction. The properly balanced daily food ratio is necessary condition for having high physical capacity among people practicing sports. Very important is that intense physical activity increases the metabolic rate and demand for nutrients including vitamins.The aim.To determine the level of intake selected vitamins in daily food rations of men practicing karate.Material and method. The study involved 187 men practicing karate aged between 19 and 30 years, from the Wielkopolska and Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province. The analysis was based on classical 24-hour recall method with the use of the Microsoft Access 2007 software. The level of realization of the nutritional standards was evaluatedusing current nutrition standards for men with high physical activity aged between 19–30 years.Results.The average level of intake vitamin A in daily food rations of men practicing karate was 1026±513 μg. This content covered of 114% standard Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA). The level of intake vitamin E was 8.31±3.43 mg and covered 83.1% the standard Adequate Intake (AI). The analyzed daily food rations contained 180±127 mg vitamin C and that was 100% more than the standard Recommended Daily Intake. The content of vitamins B1, B2, B6, niacin, biotin and folic acid was respectively: 1.46±0.50 mg, 1.81±0.61 mg, 2.08±0.73 mg, 18.0±7.96 mg, 26.2±21.6 μg and 235±109 μg. The nutritional standards for these vitamins was implemented respectively in: 112% for vitamin B1, 139% for vitamin B2, 160% for vitamin B6, 113% for niacin, 87.3% for biotin and 58.8% for folic acid.Cnclusions. The daily food rations of men practicing karate contain incorrect amount of selected vitamins. Men consumed too much vitamin A, C, B1, B2, B6 and niacin. On the other hand intake of vitamin E, biotin and folic acid in their daily food rations was not sufficient

Changes in Eating Behaviour during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic among the Inhabitants of Five European Countries

Psychological factors and restrictions imposed due to the pandemic may influence eating behaviours and physical activity. With the above thesis in mind, questionnaire-based surveys were conducted amongst residents of five European countries: Poland, Italy, Spain, Portugal and Great Britain (England and Scotland). A specially devised, structured questionnaire was used to conduct anonymous internet surveys between 28 April and 16 July 2020. It contained questions pertaining to sociodemographic data, eating behaviours, the impact of the pandemic on the diet and physical activity. The questionnaire was made available to internet users in Poland, Italy, Spain, Great Britain (England and Scotland), and Portugal. The questionnaire was translated by native speakers into five languages: Polish, English, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese. Survey results were then analysed using StatSoft’s Statistica v. 13 software and Cytel’s StatXact v. 9.0.0. Age was the parameter that impacted changing eating behaviours to the largest extent during the pandemic. It was also found that during the pandemic, regular consumption of meals was most dependent on various factors. The negative impact of the pandemic within this scope was most profound amongst women, city residents regardless of gender and people over 35 years of age. A change in the frequency of consumption of selected product groups during the pandemic was also observed. Reduced consumption of meat and fish was identified. Especially among people under 35 living in Portugal, almost half—45.5% (p = 0.0210) declared lower consumption of meat, and more than half—54.5% (p = 0.011) reported lower consumption of fish. An analysis of the obtained results also showed an increase in the consumption of products with lower nutritional values, particularly amongst people under 35 years of age and also amongst residents of Great Britain (regardless of age). Moreover, the results showed that the pandemic may have had an impact on the weight reduction diet. A negative impact was declared by 16.5% of people, compared to 9.7% who said that the pandemic facilitated the use of the weight reduction diet (p = 0.006). The results of our survey also showed a decrease in the level of physical activity among people over 35 living in Poland (69.6%, p = 0.0497) and people living in Portuguese cities (72.73%, p = 0.0245). Our survey results showed that the impact of the pandemic on eating behaviours was particularly profound when it came to meal consumption regularity. Changes to the consumption of products with lower nutritional values, which may decrease immunity, have also been found during the pandemic. Our results showed that the problem associated with consuming products with lower nutritional values was particularly evident amongst people under 35. Considering the global character of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, further research is necessary to determine its impact on the diet, nutritional status and physical activity

Diet in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Research Requirements

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive brain disease that is becoming a major health problem in today’s world due to the aging population. Despite it being widely known that diet has a significant impact on the prevention and progression of Alzheimer’s disease, the literature data are still scarce and controversial. The application of the principles of rational nutrition for the elderly is suggested for Alzheimer’s disease. The diet should be rich in neuroprotective nutrients, i.e., antioxidants, B vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Some studies suggest that diets such as the Mediterranean diet, the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, and the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet have a beneficial effect on the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease

A Comprehensive Look at the -13910 C>T LCT Gene Polymorphism as a Molecular Marker for Vitamin D and Calcium Levels in Young Adults in Central and Eastern Europe: A Preliminary Study

Intolerance to dairy products resulting from the abnormal digestion of milk sugar (lactose) is a common cause of human gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to show that the -13910 C>T LCT gene polymorphism, together with genotypes of selected VDR gene polymorphisms and diet and nutritional status parameters, can impact the prevalence of vitamin D and calcium deficiency in young adults. This study was conducted on a group of 63 people, which comprised 21 individuals with primary adult lactase deficiency, and a control group of 42 individuals with no hypolactasia. The LCT and VDR gene genotypes were assessed using PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. A validated HPLC method was used to determine serum concentrations of 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D3. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine calcium levels. Their diets (self-reported 7-day estimated food record), estimated calcium intakes based on the ADOS-Ca questionnaire and basic anthropometric parameters were assessed. The CC genotype associated with hypolactasia was found in 33.3% of the subjects. The presence of the CC variant of the LCT gene polymorphism in the study group of young Polish adults was found to be associated with significantly lower milk (134.7 ± 66.7 g/d vs. 342.5 ± 176 g/d; p = 0.012) and dairy product consumption (78.50 ± 36.2 g/d vs. 216.3 ± 102 g/d; p = 0.008) compared with lactase persistence. At the same time, people with adult-type primary intolerance were found to have statistically significant lower serum levels of vitamin D and calcium (p 1). The AA variant of the VDR gene’s BsmI polymorphism present in people with hypolactasia may further contribute to an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. Exclusion of lactose from the diet, combined with impaired vitamin D metabolism, may also lead to inhibited calcium absorption by the body. Further research should be carried out on a larger group of subjects to clarify the relationship between lactase activity and vitamin D and calcium levels in young adults

Effects of a Diet Containing Sources of Prebiotics and Probiotics and Modification of the Gut Microbiota on the Reduction of Body Fat

In 2022, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions in the WHO European Region, affecting almost 60% of adults. Based on the assessment of BMI (Body Mass Index), a group of 56 women aged 25–45 years (31 women group A average BMI 34.9 ± 4.86 kg/m2 and 25 women group B average BMI 33.4 ± 4.02 kg/m2) were qualified for the study. In a multi-center, two-arm, parallel, non-randomized study, two types of weight-reduction diets (A and B) were used over a 3-month period. In group A, a standard low-energy diet was used with individually adjusted caloric intake of 1100–1300 kcal, with an increase in the amount and frequency of consumption of sauerkraut and groats and a daily intake of fermented milk drinks (300–400 g), fermented cucumbers (100 g), mineral water (1 L) and cod liver oil (5 mL). In group B, a standard low-energy diet with individually adjusted caloric intake of 1100–1300 kcal with daily intake of fermented milk products (150 g), highly mineralized water (0.5 L), once a week fermented cucumbers, and once a week buckwheat groats was used. The following measurements were taken: body weight, body fat mass, water content, body height, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Body weight and body composition were measured using the Tanita MC-780 MA and TANITA BC-601 analyzer using the bioelectric bioimpedance method. The stool samples were analyzed in the microbiology laboratory where quantification of Bifidobcaterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species, Akkermansia muciniphila and total bacterial count (TBC) was performed. Under the influence of the introduced nutritional intervention, a statistically significant reduction in body weight, body fat, waist circumference, and hip circumference was demonstrated after 3 months. Under the influence of weight reduction, as well as dietary changes, there was an increase in the number of Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria in the women studied. The low-energy diet containing sources of natural prebiotics and probiotics had a more favorable effect on the number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii bacteria compared to the standard diet