1 research outputs found
Ultrasonography of the distal limbs in Nellore and Girolando calves 8 to 12Â months of age
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Previous issue date: 2014Background: Ultrasonography can be used anywhere and allows rapid, noninvasive differentiation of soft tissue
structures of the musculoskeletal system. The objectives of this study were to describe the ultrasonographic
appearance of the structures of the metacarpo-/metatarsophalangeal and the interphalangeal joints, the appearance of
the growth plates of the distal metacarpus/metatarsus and of the proximal phalanx and to measure the
cross-sectional dimensions of the DDFT and SDFT in Nellore and Girolando calves eight to 12 months of age.
Results: In the longitudinal dorsal view the common digital extensor tendon and the digital extensor tendon were
depicted as echogenic parallel fiber bundles located directly under the skin. The joint spaces appeared as anechoic
interruptions of the hyperechogenic bone surfaces. The normal amount of synovial fluid could not be depicted.
The growth plates were seen as anechoic interruptions of the bone surface proximal and distal to the fetlock joint
space. In transverse sonograms of the distal palmar/plantar regions, the flexor tendons and branchs of the
suspensory ligament were imaged as echogenic structures. The lumen of the digital flexor tendon sheath could
not be imaged in these normal cattle. The thin digital distal annular ligament and the reversal of positions of the
DDFT and SDFT could be appreciated. No significant differences were found between the cross-sectional measurements
of the DDFT and the SDFT from Nellore and Girolando in any age, thoracic/pelvic limbs, right/left sides and
lateral/medial digits.
Conclusions: The results of this study establish important ultrasonographic reference data of the normal structures of
the distal limbs and the normal dimensions of the flexor tendons in Nellore and Girolando calves for use in clinical
practice