Only God Decides\u27: Young Children\u27s Perceptions of Divorce and the Legal System

Objective: To describe research on perceptions of children aged 6 and younger from 21 families of their parents\u27 divorce, of its impact on their families, and of legal officials. Method: Semistructured play interviews were conducted during home visits as parents were conjointly interviewed as part of a larger study on divorce in legal context. Results: Children had much misinformation about divorce as an event and process. What they did know was often inappropriate, frightening, and confusing. They resented how the process \u27ruined their parents\u27 being friends any more\u27 and proposed reforms based on their wishes and observations. Conclusions: Greater awareness is needed of the child\u27s desire to be heard during the process, to feel safe and less lonely, and to stay in touch with both parents and extended families. Age-appropriate explanations of psychological and legal aspects of the divorce process are likely to support children\u27s positive adjustment and mental health

Is The Use Of Kinesio Tape (KT) Effective In Reducing Pain Postoperative Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Surgery?

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not is the use of Kinesio Tape (KT) effective in reducing pain post-operative anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Review of three randomized control trial studies that were published between 2013 and 2017 in peer reviewed journals. Two articles were published in English language while one article was published in Polish language then translated to English language. DATA SOURCES: All three randomized control trials were found via PubMed OUTCOMES MEASURED: The primary outcomes measured by the patient and investigator was the efficacy of KT in the reduction of pain during a specific post-operative period. Pain was reported by the patient through the Laitinen pain scale and the Lysholm scale. RESULTS: The first study showed statistically relevant differences when compared as intragroup but when compared as intergroups the results were insignificant (Chan MC, Wee JW, Lim MH. Clin J Sport Med. 2017;27(3):260-265. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000345. doi). The results found by Balki et al were determined to have insignificant differences (Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2016;50(6):628-634. doi: S1017-995X(16)30222-X [pii]) while the last study was found to have significant differences (Boguszewski D, Tomaszewska I, Adamczyk JG, Bialoszewski D. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil.2013;15(5):469-478. doi: 0.5604/15093492.1084361.) CONCLUSIONS: The answer to whether KT is effective in reducing post-operative pain is inconclusive based upon the three selected studies

Enhancing Paternal Engagement in a Coparenting Paradigm

Despite the benefits for children and families of fathers who are involved positively with their children, most parenting programs in the United States and globally focus on and collect evaluation data from mothers almost exclusively. Engaging fathers is still viewed as a complex endeavor that is only somewhat successful. In this article, we summarize what is known about engaging fathers in parenting programs, then argue that programs are most effective when coparenting is the focus early in family formation. We rely on two decades of the Supporting Father Involvement program as an example of an initiative that has been effective at recruiting and retaining fathers and mothers in various cultural and national contexts. When programs are inclusive in content and focus on process, are sensitive to differences within and across families, and recognize parents as experts on their children, they are more successful in recruiting and retaining diverse groups of fathers and families

Supporting Father Involvement: An Intervention with Community and Child Welfare–Referred Couples

Objective: To expand the evidence base of the Supporting Father Involvement (SFI) intervention to include child welfare families. Background: Taking a preventive father-inclusive approach, SFI aims to strengthen coparenting, parent–child relationships, and child outcomes. This study replicates 4 prior iterations of the program using the same 32-hour curriculum facilitated by clinically trained staff, case managers, and onsite child care and family meals. Method: Participants (N = 239) included low-income (median = $24,000) coparenting pairs, typically mothers and fathers/father figures, half of whom were Mexican American, with toddlers (median age \u3c 3 years). Questionnaires assessing multiple family domains were administered verbally over an 18-month period. Intervention effectiveness was tested through a randomized control trial with immediate treatment or waitlist–control groups using a moderated mediator structural equation model. Results: The model explained 49% to 56% of the variance in children\u27s problem behaviors (intervention and autoregressive effects). The intervention reduced couple conflict, which reduced anxious and harsh parenting, leading to better child outcomes. The intervention was equally effective for community and child welfare–referred families and family dynamics pathways were similar across conditions. Conclusion: With its intentional outreach and inclusion of fathers, SFI offers an effective intervention for lower risk child welfare–involved families. Implications: Results argue for the utility of treating community and child welfare parents in mixed-gender prevention groups that focus on strengthening multiple levels of family relationships

GIS applications to maritime boundary definitions: diplomacy on and under the sea

pp. 125-3

The Temporally Filtered Navier-Stokes Equations: Propertes of the Residual Stress

Recent interest in the development of a unifying framework among direct numerical simulations, large-eddy simulations, and statistically averaged formulations of the Navier-Stokes equations, provides the motivation for the present paper. Toward that goal, the properties of the residual (subgrid-scale) stress of the temporally filtered Navier-Stokes equations are carefully examined. This includes the frame-invariance properties of the filtered equations and the resulting residual stress. Causal time-domain filters, parametrized by a temporal filter width 0infinity, the residual stress is equivalent to the long-time averaged stress, and the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are recovered from the temporally filtered equations. The predicted behavior at the asymptotic limits of filter width is further validated by numerical simulations of the temporally filtered forced, viscous Burger\u27s equation. Finally, finite filter widths are also considered, and both a priori and a posteriori analyses of temporal similarity and temporal approximate deconvolution models of the residual stress are conducted for the model problem

Intrinsic Religious Orientation and Mental Health in Later Life

This dissertation research project was conducted to investigate religion as a coping resource in later life. The major proposition of the study was that intrinsic religious orientation is positively associated with mental health in late life. A forty three-item questionnaire was distributed to residents of four independent retirement communities resulting in a sixty-six percent return rate. The convenience sample of 214 individuals, with a mean age of 81.94 years, consisted of 156 female and 58 male respondents. Intrinsic religious orientation was held as the independent variable, while mental health was the dependent variable. Stress vulnerability characteristics were held as control variables including age, gender, education, stressful life events, marital status, perceived social support, and physical health. The zero order correlation between the independent and dependent variables was r = .128, sig. = .034 (1 tailed). When all control variables were entered, the relationship between intrinsic religious orientation and mental remained, r = .116, sig. = 046 (1 tailed). Regression analysis produced three predictors of mental health for females: stressful life events, age, and intrinsic religious orientation. Intrinsic religious orientation did not significantly change the relationship between stressful life events and mental health. A highly narrow variability in the sample limited stronger results. Findings indicate the importance of further investigation into religion as a coping resource, especially among older females

Open Piping: Towards an Open Visual Workflow Environment

The most popular visual programming tools focus on procedural, object-oriented and event-based programming. This paper describes a boxes-and-wires functional programming tool, aimed to be accessible to novice programmers, while also supporting open access to the specified processes, executable programs and results for study and deployment

A Temporal Approximate Deconvolution Model for Large-Eddy Simulation

A temporal approximate deconvolution model (TADM) is developed for large-eddy simulation and is demonstrated for plane-channel flow at Re-tau=590. The TADM combines explicit causal time-domain filtering with linear deconvolution (defiltering) to approximate unfiltered fields and residual stress to arbitrarily high order. The TADM methodology appears to lead to a robust family of residual-stress models that should provide a viable alternative to conventional (spatial) filtering for applications in which spatial filtering is problematic, e.g., for problems requiring unstructured or highly stretched grids. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics

Infants later diagnosed with autism have lower canonical babbling ratios in the first year of life

BACKGROUND: Canonical babbling-producing syllables with a mature consonant, full vowel, and smooth transition-is an important developmental milestone that typically occurs in the first year of life. Some studies indicate delayed or reduced canonical babbling in infants at high familial likelihood for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or who later receive an ASD diagnosis, but evidence is mixed. More refined characterization of babbling in the first year of life in infants with high likelihood for ASD is needed. METHODS: Vocalizations produced at 6 and 12 months by infants (n = 267) taking part in a longitudinal study were coded for canonical and non-canonical syllables. Infants were categorized as low familial likelihood (LL), high familial likelihood diagnosed with ASD at 24 months (HL-ASD) or not diagnosed (HL-Neg). Language delay was assessed based on 24-month expressive and receptive language scores. Canonical babble ratio (CBR) was calculated by dividing the number of canonical syllables by the number of total syllables. Generalized linear (mixed) models were used to assess the relationship between group membership and CBR, controlling for site, sex, and maternal education. Logistic regression was used to assess whether canonical babbling ratios at 6 and 12 months predict 24-month diagnostic outcome. RESULTS: No diagnostic group differences in CBR were detected at 6 months, but HL-ASD infants produced significantly lower CBR than both the HL-Neg and LL groups at 12 months. HL-Neg infants with language delay also showed reduced CBR at 12 months. Neither 6- nor 12-month CBR was significant predictors of 24-month diagnostic outcome (ASD versus no ASD) in logistic regression. LIMITATIONS: Small numbers of vocalizations produced by infants at 6 months may limit the reliability of CBR estimates. It is not known if results generalize to infants who are not at high familial likelihood, or infants from more diverse racial and socioeconomic backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS: Lower canonical babbling ratios are apparent by the end of the first year of life in ASD regardless of later language delay, but are also observed for infants with later language delay without ASD. Canonical babbling may lack specificity as an early marker when used on its own