Intraplaque hemorrhage, a potential consequence of periodontal bacteria gathering in human carotid atherothrombosis

Periodontal diseases are multifactorial inflammatory diseases, caused by a bacterial biofilm involving both innate and adaptative immunity, characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. In the context of periodontitis, the spread of weak pathogenic bacteria into the bloodstream has been described. These bacteria will preferentially localize to existing clot within the circulation. Atherothrombosis of the carotid arteries is a local pathology and a common cause of cerebral infarction. Intraplaque hemorrhages render the lesion more prone to clinical complications such as stroke. The main objective of this study is to explore the biological relationship between carotid intraplaque hemorrhage and periodontal diseases. This study included consecutive patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis, admitted for endarterectomy surgical procedure (n=41). In conditioned media of the carotid samples collected, markers of neutrophil activation (myeloperoxidase or MPO, DNA-MPO complexes) and hemoglobin were quantified. To investigate the presence of DNA from periodontal bacteria in atherosclerotic plaque, PCR analysis using specific primers was performed. Our preliminary results indicate an association between neutrophil activation and intraplaque hemorrhages, reflected by the release of MPO (p<0,01) and MPO-DNA complexes (p<0,05). Presence of DNA from periodontitis-associated bacteria was found in 32/41 (78%) atheromatous plaque samples. More specifically, DNA from Pg, Tf, Pi, Aa was found in 46%, 24%, 34% and 68% of the samples, respectively. Hemoglobin levels were higher in conditioned media in carotid samples where the bacteria were found, but this was not statistically significant. Our data confirm the relationship between intraplaque hemorrhage and neutrophil activation. In addition, the presence of periodontal bacteria DNA in carotid atheromatous plaque, may contribute to this activation. Further analysis is needed to fully explore the raw data and specimens

The Relation Between Temperature, Ozone, and Mortality in Nine French Cities During the Heat Wave of 2003

BACKGROUND: During August 2003, record high temperatures were observed across Europe, and France was the country most affected. During this period, elevated ozone concentrations were measured all over the country. Questions were raised concerning the contribution of O(3) to the health impact of the summer 2003 heat wave. METHODS: We used a time-series design to analyze short-term effects of temperature and O(3) pollution on mortality. Counts of deaths were regressed on temperatures and O(3) levels, controlling for possible confounders: long-term trends, season, influenza outbreaks, day of the week, and bank holiday effects. For comparison with previous results of the nine cities, we calculated pooled excess risk using a random effect approach and an empirical Bayes approach. FINDINGS: For the nine cities, the excess risk of death is significant (1.01%; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–1.44) for an increase of 10 μg/m(3) in O(3) level. For the 3–17 August 2003 period, the excess risk of deaths linked to O(3) and temperatures together ranged from 10.6% in Le Havre to 174.7% in Paris. When we compared the relative contributions of O(3) and temperature to this joint excess risk, the contribution of O(3) varied according to the city, ranging from 2.5% in Bordeaux to 85.3% in Toulouse. INTERPRETATION: We observed heterogeneity among the nine cities not only for the joint effect of O(3) and temperatures, but also for the relative contribution of each factor. These results confirmed that in urban areas O(3) levels have a non-negligible impact in terms of public health

Surveillance des effets de la pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain sur la santé : le Programme français PSAS-9

Le programme de surveillance épidémiologique dans 9 grandes villes en France (PSAS-9) a pour objectif d’estimer les relations entre l’exposition à la pollution atmosphérique urbaine et des indicateurs de l’état de santé de la population afin d’évaluer l’impact de la pollution sur la santé des habitants. Suivant un protocole standardisé, les 9 agglomérations ont collecté des indicateurs journaliers agrégés de pollution à partir d’un réseau de stations de mesures et des indicateurs agrégés de mortalité provenant des registres de décès. Ces données ont été analysées par la méthode de modélisation de séries temporelles. Les excès de risque à court terme estimés pour la mortalité toutes causes étaient compris entre 1,2 et 1,9% selon l’indicateur d’exposition. Le gain sanitaire potentiel annuel lié à une réduction de 50% des niveaux moyens de pollution a été estimé à 2786 décès pour les 9 villes.Title : Health Impact assessment of urban air pollution : results from nine French cities and their utility for public health management. The epidemiological surveillance program in 9 French cities (PSAS-9) aims to estimate the relationships between air pollution and health risks in order to assess the impact of the urban air pollution on health. Trough a standardized protocol, the 9 French cities collected daily aggregated data on air pollution trough a metrology measure network and mortality data from official registers. These data were modelized according to the time series analysis method. Depending on the pollutant, excess in total mortality risk related to a 10 µg/m3 pollutant increase varied between 1.2 and 1.9%. If the average level of the pollutant was reduced by 50 %, the total account of attributable deaths would be of 2786 per year in the 9 cities

Surveillance des effets de la pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain sur la santé : le Programme français PSAS-9

Title : Health Impact assessment of urban air pollution : results from nine French cities and their utility for public health management. The epidemiological surveillance program in 9 French cities (PSAS-9) aims to estimate the relationships between air pollution and health risks in order to assess the impact of the urban air pollution on health. Trough a standardized protocol, the 9 French cities collected daily aggregated data on air pollution trough a metrology measure network and mortality data from official registers. These data were modelized according to the time series analysis method. Depending on the pollutant, excess in total mortality risk related to a 10 µg/m3 pollutant increase varied between 1.2 and 1.9%. If the average level of the pollutant was reduced by 50 %, the total account of attributable deaths would be of 2786 per year in the 9 cities

Surveillance des effets de la pollution atmosphérique en milieu urbain sur la santé : le Programme français PSAS-9

Title : Health Impact assessment of urban air pollution : results from nine French cities and their utility for public health management.The epidemiological surveillance program in 9 French cities (PSAS-9) aims to estimate the relationships between air pollution and health risks in order to assess the impact of the urban air pollution on health. Trough a standardized protocol, the 9 French cities collected daily aggregated data on air pollution trough a metrology measure network and mortality data from official registers. These data were modelized according to the time series analysis method. Depending on the pollutant, excess in total mortality risk related to a 10 µg/m3 pollutant increase varied between 1.2 and 1.9%. If the average level of the pollutant was reduced by 50 %, the total account of attributable deaths would be of 2786 per year in the 9 cities