Self vs. Organizational Employment: The Neglected Case of Positive Spillover

Self-employment is presented as enabling people to better balance their work and family roles but research on its effectiveness is equivocal. We collected survey data from 280 self- and organizationally-employed certified public accountants and conducted a multivariate analysis comparing positive spillover and conflict between the two groups.The self-employed reported less work-to-family conflict with no differences with respect to family-to-work conflict or positive spillovers. However, there were different patterns between male and female subsamples: self-employed males experienced less conflict and more positive spillover than male employees, whereas self-employed females had less of one form of conflict but more of the other

McGregor\u27s Theory X/Y and Job Performance: A Multilevel, Multi-source Analysis

McGregor\u27s Theory X/Y (1957; 1960/1985; 1966; 1967), one of the most famous theories of motivation and leadership, has had a profound effect on managerial thinking over the past fifty years. Yet the effect of X/Y attitudes on job performance has never been empirically demonstrated. The present research investigates whether X/Y attitudes and X/Y behaviors-examined as two distinct constructs-are related to job performance. Further, the present research uses a multilevel, multi-source design to examine via hierarchical linear modeling the performance effects of McGregor\u27s (1957; 1960/1985; 1966; 1967) theorizing about managerial assumptions (and behaviors) at both individual and workgroup levels. As predicted, managerial X/Y behaviors fully mediated the relationship between managerial X/Y attitudes and job performance at both the individual and group level. Whereas the three prior X/Y performance-related studies found non-significant relationships between X/Y attitudes and performance (correlations of r = -0.01, r = -0.07, and r = -0.08), the present research found support for the model of X/Y attitudes, X/Y behaviors, and performance with group level coefficients as high as (y = 0.54). Limitations, practical implications, and suggestions for future research are provided

2008 Health Insurance Survey of California Farm and Ranch Operators: Overview of Findings

Presents findings on the healthcare costs of the state's farmers and ranchers, including health status, insurance source, reason for uninsurance, healthcare expenditures, payment source, financial burden, and access to care. Discusses policy implications

Empowering schools to instil good hygiene habits in children and maintain infrastructure in rural Uganda

In 2017, The Water Trust partnered with Mutunda sub-county in Kiryandongo district with the objectives of universal coverage of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) across all 18 government primary schools, benefitting directly more than 14,000 children and indirectly the more than 40,000 people that live in the students’ communities. The project employed user-centred design of handwashing facilities and invested in teacher training and coaching to improve school management and teaching practices. At the project’s conclusion, 89% of students observed using the latrine were observed washing their hands with soap, and handwashing facility coverage in the area is estimated to have increased from 5% of households to 21%. Facility maintenance practices improved dramatically, however, in the one-year project period the challenge of establishing a clear revenue source for future repairs and pit emptying remained unmet

2008 Health Insurance Survey of California Farm and Ranch Operators: Who Experiences Financial Hardship Because of Health Care Costs?

Analyzes factors affecting California farmers' and ranchers' likelihood of spending more than 10 percent of their income on health care or reporting financial hardship due to medical costs, including source of insurance. Discusses policy implications

Empowering rural communities to sustain clean water and improve hygiene through self-help groups

Traditional water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) approaches have failed to achieve adequate sustainability of rural water points and hygiene behaviour change. Community-based savings groups have several strengths that suggest their integration into WASH programs may significantly improve sustainability and hygiene and sanitation. This paper documents how The Water Trust integrated the formation of savings groups, referred to as “self-help groups” (SHGs), into its program. This paper shares year-one results of an 18-month pilot implemented across 18 communities, including indicators of sustainability, SHG performance, hygiene and sanitation, and health. Notably, annual water point contributions spent or available for repairs increased from $2 to$164 in SHG communities, more than three-times the levels of contemporaneous pilots and more than needed for annual maintenance and repairs. Handwashing facility coverage also increased from 5% to 36%. Learnings from the pilot are shared along with a discussion of the potential for scale and future research

2007 Health Insurance Survey of Farm and Ranch Operators

Presents findings on the health insurance status of farmers and ranchers in the Great Plains states and the factors that raise their risk of spending 10 percent or more of their income on health care or reporting financial hardship due to medical costs

Determinants of job satisfaction for salaried and self-employed professionals in Finland

This paper contributes to our knowledge of the determinants of job satisfaction by analysing the effects of employment status (self-employed or salaried employee) and work characteristics (autonomy, variety, task identity, task significance and feedback) on job satisfaction in a sample of 2327 Finnish professionals. The results of the structural equation model analysis show that although the self-employed are significantly more satisfied with their jobs than their salaried counterparts also in Finland, employment status as such does not explain job satisfaction when the five work characteristics are added to the structural model. Further, the analysis finds that task significance, variety and autonomy have similar effects on the level of job satisfaction among both employees and self-employed individuals, while feedback has a weaker effect when the individual is self-employed and task identity does not affect job satisfaction in either group. Overall the study points to the need to develop jobs that are high in autonomy, variety and task significance for professionals in order to enhance job satisfaction

Do Incentives Matter? Providing Benefits to Families of Organ Donors

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73053/1/j.1600-6143.2005.01106.x.pd

Trends in Deceased Organ Donation and Utilization in Korea: 2000-2009

Continuous efforts have been made by the organ donation and transplantation community in Korea to increase organ donation by the deceased. The authors detailed trends of organ donation and utilization over the past 10 yr using data provided by the KONOS. The yearly number of deceased donors has grown gradually since 2003. The number and percentage of old donors (≥50 yr) and donors dying from intracranial hemorrhage has increased continuously. Therefore, the percentage of standard criteria donors (SCD) has been declining significantly, from 94% in 2000 to 79.2% in 2009. The number of organs transplanted per donor (OTPD) has also declined slightly since 2007, from 3.28 in 2007 to 2.95 in 2009. This decline may be attributable to increases in the number and percentage of extended criteria donors (ECD) and donors after cardiac death (DCD), since the OTPD was 2.25 for DCD, 2.5 for ECD, and 3.09 for SCD in 2009. In summary, the makeup of donors has changed significantly. There is an urgent need for establishment of an institutional framework including an independent organ procurement organization and for improvement for the National Transplant Act to increase deceased donor pool and to optimize management of ECD and DCD