Effects Of EU’s Common Agricultural Policy Reforms On Prospects For Eastern And Southern Africa’s Trade With The EU Under The Economic Partnership Agreements

Due to the size of the European Union’s agricultural production and its market, the impact of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reaches far beyond Europe and has major implications for trade in agricultural goods all over the world including the ESA region. Since the 1950s, the CAP has undergone several reforms which have not only changed EU’s agricultural support system drastically but has also impacted global agricultural markets. For developing countries including the ESA ones, these reforms have serious implications since they are particularly locked into the EU’s complicated system of protectionist regulations and subsidies on the one hand and preferential market access on the other hand. The high degree of dependency and vulnerability of ESA agricultural industries thus created makes it well worth having a closer look at the changing patterns of the CAP and their impact on ESA agricultural markets. Moreover, the impact of the CAP reform on ESA markets is likely to be complicated by the introduction of free trade arrangement with the EU through the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) which are to become effective on January 1 2008. A free trade agreement will reduce the scope for the development of local value added food product industries serving national, regional and EU markets and thus worsen ESA countries’ overall terms of trade with the EU. It is this process of trade liberalization in food and agricultural products in parallel with external effects of CAP reform which raises concerns as ESA countries strive to structurally transform their economiesAgricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, International Relations/Trade, Marketing, Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Working capital management in hyper-inflationary economies : a case of Zimbabwe.

Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZlu Natal, 2006.The challenge to virtually all businesses is to ensure viability in increasingly changing operating environments. This challenge becomes more pronounced when the operating environment is one that rapidly deteriorates to a level where survival becomes the focal point. A hyperinflationary environment is one such environment which renders some common business processes and models death traps which can lead to insolvency. Under hyperinflationary environments, working capital management becomes of paramount importance to the survival of business operations. This dissertation attempts to highlight the key characteristics of a hyperinflationary environment which, if not closely managed, can lead to the demise of a business no matter how good its strategic plans or technological assets may be. In order to highlight these key elements, this dissertation covers a review of hyperinflation aspects and their impact on working capital management components. This impact is further analysed through extraction of financial performances of various companies to establish validity of these aspects and how best they can be managed. In addition, a survey is conducted through the administration of a questionnaire to establish the impact on the various working capital components. This dissertation ends by suggesting an adjustment to the working capital management model to suit business operations in hyperinflationary environments. The result is not an attempt to create new models or theories but in essence, a confirmation of the need for flexible management that timeously adapts to the changing environment

Şantierul arheologic Alba-Iulia / Le chantier archéologique d’Alba Iulia

Protase Dumitru. Şantierul arheologic Alba-Iulia / Le chantier archéologique d’Alba Iulia. In: Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, N°6 1959. pp. 397-405

Şantierul arheologic Soporul de Cîmpie (r. Turda, reg. Cluj) / Le chantier archéologique de Soporul de Cîmpie

Protase Dumitru. Şantierul arheologic Soporul de Cîmpie (r. Turda, reg. Cluj) / Le chantier archéologique de Soporul de Cîmpie. In: Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, N°8 1962. pp. 527-536

Două inscripţii latine inedite de la Ilişua / Deux inscriptions latines inédites d’Ilişua

Protase Dumitru. Două inscripţii latine inedite de la Ilişua / Deux inscriptions latines inédites d’Ilişua. In: Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, N°4 1957. pp. 319-323

Şantierul arheologic Soporul de Cîmpie (r. Turda, reg. Cluj) / Le chantier archéologique de Soporul de Cîmpie

Protase Dumitru. Şantierul arheologic Soporul de Cîmpie (r. Turda, reg. Cluj) / Le chantier archéologique de Soporul de Cîmpie. In: Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, N°7 1961. pp. 423-430

Şantierul arheologic Soporul de Cîmpie (r. Turda, reg. Cluj) / Le chantier archéologique de Soporul de Cîmpie

Protase Dumitru, Ţigăra I. Şantierul arheologic Soporul de Cîmpie (r. Turda, reg. Cluj) / Le chantier archéologique de Soporul de Cîmpie. In: Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, N°6 1959. pp. 383-395

Şantierul Alba Iulia şi împrejurimi / Le chantier archéologique d’Alba Iulia et des environs

Macrea Mihail, Protase Dumitru. Şantierul Alba Iulia şi împrejurimi / Le chantier archéologique d’Alba Iulia et des environs. In: Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, N°5 1959. pp. 435-452

Effects Of EU’s Common Agricultural Policy Reforms On Prospects For Eastern And Southern Africa’s Trade With The EU Under The Economic Partnership Agreements

Due to the size of the European Union’s agricultural production and its market, the impact of the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reaches far beyond Europe and has major implications for trade in agricultural goods all over the world including the ESA region. Since the 1950s, the CAP has undergone several reforms which have not only changed EU’s agricultural support system drastically but has also impacted global agricultural markets. For developing countries including the ESA ones, these reforms have serious implications since they are particularly locked into the EU’s complicated system of protectionist regulations and subsidies on the one hand and preferential market access on the other hand. The high degree of dependency and vulnerability of ESA agricultural industries thus created makes it well worth having a closer look at the changing patterns of the CAP and their impact on ESA agricultural markets. Moreover, the impact of the CAP reform on ESA markets is likely to be complicated by the introduction of free trade arrangement with the EU through the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) which are to become effective on January 1 2008. A free trade agreement will reduce the scope for the development of local value added food product industries serving national, regional and EU markets and thus worsen ESA countries’ overall terms of trade with the EU. It is this process of trade liberalization in food and agricultural products in parallel with external effects of CAP reform which raises concerns as ESA countries strive to structurally transform their economie