Inventions of Scientists, Engineers and Specialists from Different Countries in the Area of Nanotechnologies. Part V

Introduction. Advanced technologies impress people\u27s imagination demonstrating the latest achievements (materials, methods, systems, technologies, devices etc.) that dramatically change the world. This, first of all, concerns nanotechnological inventions designed by scientists, engineers and specialists from different countries. Main part. The article provides an abstract overview of inventions of scientists, engineers and specialists from different countries: Russia, USA, China, Belarus, Italy. The results of the creative activity of scientists, engineers and specialists, including inventions in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials allow, when introduced to industry, achieving a significant effect in construction, housing and communal services, and related sectors of the economy. For example, the invention Protective coating and method of its application relates to the field of protecting metals from corrosion. To obtain a protective coating, a composition containing an industrial oil with a powder of a phosphorusmodified copper-carbon nanocomposite is applied to the surface of an unalloyed steel and subjected to thermochemical activation by heating for 20 minutes at a temperature of 100-200 degrees C. During the formation of the coating, strong donor-acceptor bonds of iron atoms with phosphorus, which are in the composition of the copper-carbon nanocomposite, are formed. In the course of experiments, it was found that heating samples with a coating of oil with the addition of a phosphorus-modified copper-carbon nanocomposite to 100-200 degrees C increases the chemical activity of the nanocomposite, as a result of which a protective coating forms on the surface, which reduces the corrosion rate depending on the concentration of the modified metal-carbon nanocomposite. by 70-95%. The following inventions in the field of nanotechnology are also of interest to specialists: a method for obtaining a nanostructured surface of a metal workpiece by laser treatment, a device for producing nanodispersed metal oxides, a method for producing a nanostructured composite material based on aluminum, a method for modifying the surfaces of plates of a brazed plate heat exchanger, etc. Conclusion. One of the most challenging tasks the economy of every country face is to increase industrial competitiveness through technological upgrade. From the side of the state and companies the principal object to control in this process are the people and enterprises dealing with introduction of inventions and new technologies

Micronutrient malnutrition and wasting in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis with and without HIV co-infection in Malawi

BACKGROUND: Wasting and micronutrient malnutrition have not been well characterized in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. We hypothesized that micronutrient malnutrition is associated with wasting and higher plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study involving 579 HIV-positive and 222 HIV-negative adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in Zomba, Malawi, anthropometry, plasma HIV load and plasma micronutrient concentrations (retinol, α-tocopherol, carotenoids, zinc, and selenium) were measured. The risk of micronutrient deficiencies was examined at different severity levels of wasting. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI), plasma retinol, carotenoid and selenium concentrations significantly decreased by increasing tertile of plasma HIV load. There were no significant differences in plasma micronutrient concentrations between HIV-negative individuals and HIV-positive individuals who were in the lowest tertile of plasma HIV load. Plasma vitamin A concentrations <0.70 μmol/L occurred in 61%, and zinc and selenium deficiency occurred in 85% and 87% respectively. Wasting, defined as BMI<18.5 was present in 59% of study participants and was independently associated with a higher risk of low carotenoids, and vitamin A and selenium deficiency. Severe wasting, defined as BMI<16.0 showed the strongest associations with deficiencies in vitamin A, selenium and plasma carotenoids. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that wasting and higher HIV load in pulmonary tuberculosis are associated with micronutrient malnutrition

Nanometals in energetic systems: Achievements and future

The characterization of nanometals that are mostly produced by electrical explosion of wires and a comprehensive survey of their usage in different energetic systems are presented. The greatest attention is devoted to nanoaluminum, which is the most common representative of nanometals. The improved kinetic characteristics of chemically reacting systems typical for nanometals (such as burning and detonation rate enhancement for propellants, explosives, and thermites) are studied, and novel paths for chemical reactions are opened (such as nitrides formation in oxygenated media and the catalytic effect on the decomposition of energetic materials). A poor correlation between the powder properties and the slow oxidation parameters was found as a result of very wide scatter in the nanometals characteristics. The burning rate enhancement factor (K) was analyzed for nanoaluminum-loaded solid propellants. The most promising energetic systems are nanometal-loaded solid fuels that are HTPB and ice based with chemically inert matrices

Alla scoperta della nuova letteratura macedone (1989-2009). Presentazione. Articoli. Note conclusive.

Presentation and conclusions to a Forum about the developement of Macedonian literature after independence. The Forum presents articles in Italian and English by well known specialists in the field. Various genres and literary typologies are described with a clear methodological approach and in comparative European perspective

Late Ordovician Mafic Magmatic Event, Southeast Siberia: Tectonic Implications, LIP Interpretation, and Potential Link with a Mass Extinction

A geochronological, isotopic, and geochemical study of the Suordakh event of mafic magmatic intrusions on the southeast Siberian margin was undertaken. U-Pb baddeleyite dating of a mafic sill intruding lower Cambrian rocks, yielded a 458 &plusmn; 13 Ma emplacement age. The chemical composition and stratigraphic setting of this dated sill differed from that previously attributed to the Suordakh event, implying that additional intrusions, previously mapped as Devonian, potentially belonged to the Suordakh event. No correlation between L.O.I. and concentration of highly mobile major and trace elements was documented, showing small or no influence of hydrothermal alteration on the chemical composition of the intrusions. A new tectonic reconstruction located an island arc and active margin relatively close to the study area. However, all samples had chemical compositions close to that of OIB and did not display Ta-Nb and Ti-negative anomalies, nor other features typical for subduction-related magmatism. The major and trace element distribution was most characteristic of within-plate basalts with the mantle source composition being transitional from spinel to garnet lherzolite. Combining four U-Pb baddeleyite dates of mafic sills and dykes from southeast Siberia, the age of the Suordakh event was estimated at 454 &plusmn; 10 Ma. The area of the Suordakh event was at least 35,000&ndash;40,000 km2 (an estimate including sills previously interpreted as Devonian), and could be increased with additional dating in Southeastern Siberia. Similar ages for within-plate intrusions were reported from South Korea, West Mongolia, South Argentina, North Iran and Northwest Canada, and these ca. 450 Ma ages were collectively close in timing with the latest Ordovician (Hirnantian) mass extinction. More high-precision dating is necessary to fully test a link between the Suordakh event (and the other age-correlative events) and the end-Ordovician mass extinction

New data on the basement of Franz Josef Land, Arctic region

We have studied pebbles of igneous rocks from the Lower Jurassic sedimentary succession of Hall Island, Franz Josef Land. Pebbles are represented by felsic intrusive and extrusive rocks, often cataclased and greisenized. The U–Pb age of crystallization for zircons of the studied samples yielded the Latest Devonian–Early Carboniferous and Early–Middle Permian ages. In addition, the studied zircons demonstrate a broad scatter of ages, from Middle Paleozoic to Mesozoic, suggesting repeated thermal reworking and metamorphism of granites. It is shown that coeval Late Paleozoic magmatism indicates the similarity of the geological evolution of the northern Barents Sea and the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago.</p