541 research outputs found
Conductivity of thermally fluctuating superconductors in two dimensions
We review recent work on a continuum, classical theory of thermal
fluctuations in two dimensional superconductors. A functional integral over a
Ginzburg-Landau free energy describes the amplitude and phase fluctuations
responsible for the crossover from Gaussian fluctuations of the superconducting
order at high temperatures, to the vortex physics of the Kosterlitz-Thouless
transition at lower temperatures. Results on the structure of this crossover
are presented, including new results for corrections to the Aslamazov-Larkin
fluctuation conductivity.Comment: 9 page
Theory of the spin bath
The quantum dynamics of mesoscopic or macroscopic systems is always
complicated by their coupling to many "environmental" modes.At low T these
environmental effects are dominated by localised modes, such as nuclear and
paramagnetic spins, and defects (which also dominate the entropy and specific
heat). This environment, at low energies, maps onto a "spin bath" model. This
contrasts with "oscillator bath" models (originated by Feynman and Vernon)
which describe {\it delocalised} environmental modes such as electrons,
phonons, photons, magnons, etc. One cannot in general map a spin bath to an
oscillator bath (or vice-versa); they constitute distinct "universality
classes" of quantum environment. We show how the mapping to spin bath models is
made, and then discuss several examples in detail, including moving particles,
magnetic solitons, nanomagnets, and SQUIDs, coupled to nuclear and paramagnetic
spin environments. We show how to average over spin bath modes, using an
operator instanton technique, to find the system dynamics, and give analytic
results for the correlation functions, under various conditions. We then
describe the application of this theory to magnetic and superconducting
systems.Particular attention is given to recent work on tunneling magnetic
macromolecules, where the role of the nuclear spin bath in controlling the
tunneling is very clear; we also discuss other magnetic systems in the quantum
regime, and the influence of nuclear and paramagnetic spins on flux dynamics in
SQUIDs.Comment: Invited article for Rep. Prog. Phys. to appear in April, 2000 (41
pages, latex, 13 figures. This is a strongly revised and extended version of
previous preprint cond-mat/9511011
Comment on ``Hausdorff Dimension of Critical Fluctuations in Abelian Gauge Theories"
Hove, Mo, and Sudbo [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2368 (2000)] derived a simple
connection, , between the anomalous scaling dimension of
the U(1) universality class order parameter and the Hausdorff dimension
of critical loops in loop representations of U(1) models. We show that the
above relation is wrong and establish a correct relation that contains a new
critical exponent.Comment: In 1 revtex page with 1 figur
Comment on "Phase Diagram of a Disordered Boson Hubbard Model in Two Dimensions"
We prove that previous claims of observing a direct superfluid-Mott insulator
transition in the disordered J-current model are in error because numerical
simulations were done for too small system sizes and the authors ignored the
rigorous theorem.Comment: 1 page, Latex, 1 figur
Simulating the All-Order Strong Coupling Expansion I: Ising Model Demo
We investigate in some detail an alternative simulation strategy for lattice
field theory based on the so-called worm algorithm introduced by Prokof'ev and
Svistunov in 2001. It amounts to stochastically simulating the strong coupling
expansion rather than the usual configuration sum. A detailed error analysis
and an important generalization of the method are exemplified here in the
simple Ising model. It allows for estimates of the two point function where in
spite of exponential decay the signal to noise ratio does not degrade at large
separation. Critical slowing down is practically absent. In the outlook some
thoughts on the general applicability of the method are offered.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figures, refs. added, small language changes, to app. in
Nucl. Phys. B[FS
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