An Overview on Current Non-invasive Diagnostic Devices in Oral Oncology

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck malignancy, and despite advances in cancer therapies, the overall 5-year survival rate has remained below 50% over the past decades. OSCC is typically preceded by potentially malignant disorders (PMD), but distinguishing high-risk from low-risk PMD is challenging. In the last years, several diagnostic methods as light-based detection systems (LBDS) have been proposed to facilitate the detection of OSCC and PMD. Furthermore, the recent evolution of nanotechnology may provide new opportunities to detect PMD and OSCC at an early stage. Indeed, several preclinical studies showed the potential of nanotechnology to enhance diagnostic accuracy. For these reasons, it is fundamental to conduct studies to evaluate the efficacy of nanotechnology implementation in LBDS. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on LBDS and to provide a summary of the sensitivity and specificity of each technique, and possible future applications of nanotechnologies. The LBDS showed great potential for screening and monitoring oral lesions, but there are several factors that hinder an extensive use of these devices. These devices seem to be useful in assessing lesion margins that must be biopsied. However, to date, conventional oral examination, and tissue biopsy remain the gold standard for OSCC diagnosis. The use of nanotechnologies could be the next step in the evolution of LBDS, thus providing devices that can help clinicians to detect and better monitor oral lesions

Lack of association between celiac disease and dental enamel hypoplasia in a case-control study from an Italian central region

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A close correlation between celiac disease (CD) and oral lesions has been reported. The aim of this case-control study was to assess prevalence of enamel hypoplasia, recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), dermatitis herpetiformis and atrophic glossitis in an Italian cohort of patients with CD.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Fifty patients with CD and fifty healthy subjects (age range: 3–25 years), matched for age, gender and geographical area, were evaluated by a single trained examiner. Diagnosis of oral diseases was based on typical medical history and clinical features. Histopathological analysis was performed when needed. Adequate univariate statistical analysis was performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Enamel hypoplasia was observed in 26% cases vs 16% in controls (p > 0.2; OR = 1.8446; 95% CI = 0.6886: 4.9414). Frequency of RAS in the CD group was significantly higher (36% vs 12%; p = 0.0091; OR = 4.125; 95% CI = 1.4725: 11.552) in CD group than that in controls (36% <it>vs </it>12%). Four cases of atrophic glossitis and 1 of dermatitis herpetiformis were found in CD patients <it>vs </it>1 and none, respectively, among controls.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia was not higher in the study population than in the control group. RAS was significantly more frequent in patients with CD.</p

CD4+ T Cell Defects in a Mulibrey Patient With Specific TRIM37 Mutations

Mulibrey (muscle-liver-brain-eye) syndrome (MUL) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the TRIpartite motif (TRIM)37 gene, encoding for TRIM37 a member of the TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligase protein family. MUL patients are characterized by growth retardation, dysmorphic features, and a wide range of abnormalities affecting different organs. However, T-cell abnormalities have not been observed in MUL subjects, to date. Here we described the immunological features of a MUL child carrying recently identified TRIM37 mutations, a 17q22 deletion of maternal origin combined with a TRIM37 variant of paternal origin. Here we found quantitative and functional defects in CD4+ T cells fromthisMUL case. Low levels of TRIM37 protein were specifically detected in CD4+ T cells ofMUL patient and associated with their altered proliferation and cytokine production. Of note, both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes of MUL child displayed an effector memory phenotype compared with healthy children. This clinical case research highlighted the possible role of TRIM37 in the control of immune cell number and function, especially in CD4+ T cells. Finally, this study may contribute to the novel mechanistic studies aim of identifying, in depth, the role of the TRIM37 protein in the immune system

Active implant peri-apical lesion: a case report treated via guided bone regeneration with a 5-year clinical and radiographic follow-up.

Implant peri-apical lesion (IPL) is a periapical lesion, usually asymptomatic, in which the coronal portion of the implant achieves a normal bone to implant interface. A case of IPL following immediate implant placement and treated with guided bone regeneration (GBR) principles is described. Five-year clinical and radiographic follow-up with cone-beam assessment showed complete healing of the bone. GBR principles applied to IPL could completely solve the lesion

Implants placed in sites of previously failed implants: A systematic review

Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on implant placement in sites of previously failed implants and to assess survival and success rates of the replacement implants to investigate the effectiveness of the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE and Cochrane Oral Health Group databases were used to identify articles published between 1985 and 2011. Six articles were selected for a total of 334 patients (338 implants). RESULTS: The survival rate ranged from 71% to 100%. The survival rate for implants placed for the second time (third attempt) in the sites of previously failed implants was 83.75%. No studies included in this review reported the cumulative success rate except for the prospective one, which reported a 93.7% success rate. The main limitations of the present systematic review have been the scarce number of patients and implants in the analyzed studies and the lack of large well-designed case-control long-term trials. CONCLUSIONS: Survival rates of implants placed in the areas of previously failed implants are low, although they should not discourage clinicians from a second or even a third attempt