Evaluation of Somatic Embryogenesis Ability in Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora Pierre)

Embriogenesis somatik diharapkan sebagai metode perbanyakan tanaman yang sangat efektif pada kopi. Evaluasi dua jenis proses embriogenesis somatik, yaitu proses langsung dan tidak langsung akan bermanfaat untuk menggambarkan kemampuan proliferasi sel. Penelitian untuk mengevaluasi embriogenesis somatik kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) yang mempunyai tingkat keragaman genetik tinggi telah dilakukan di Nestlé R&D Centre Tours, Perancis. Bahan tanam menggunakan kopi Robusta koleksi Nestle Perancis dan tiga klon koleksi Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia (Puslitkoka). Tiga aspek, yaitu proses embriogenesis, keragaman embriogenesis dan kemantapan embriogenesis dievaluasi dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik embriogenesis somatik langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat diamati. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua proses embriogenesis somatik tersebut merupakan dua mekanisme yang berbeda. Dalam penelitian ini ditunjukkan bahwa kemampuan embriognesis somatik tergantung pada genotipe, baik antar maupun di dalam kelompok genetik kopi Robusta, yaitu Congolese,Guinean dan Conillon. Lebih lanjut diketahui bahwa kedua proses embriogenesis somatik tersebut stabil terhadap indukan sebagai sumber eksplan. Kemampuan embriogenesis somatik tidak langsung ketiga klon Puslitkoka (BP409, BP961 dan Q121) sangat beragam, sehingga memberikan harapan adanya pola segregasi yang baik berdasarkan kemampuan embriogenesis somatik tidak langsung pada populasi yang dibuat dari silangan klon tersebut

Perbanyakan Tanaman Buah Naga Berdaging Buah Merah {Hylocereus Costaricensis) Melalui Teknik Kultur Jaringan*[micropropagation of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Costaricensis) Through in Vitro Culture]

Hylocereus costaricensis is new important fruit in Indonesia. One of constrain in its development is limitation of planting material.The aim of the research is to study the regeneration H. costaricensis through micro shoot induction of node explants. The experiments were carried out in the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. Experiment on microshoots proliferation stage was arranged in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design, with three replications.The first factor was Kinetin concentration consisted of five treatments i.e.: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg/1.The second factor was Indole acetic acid (IAA) concentration consisted of five levels i.e.: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/1. Microshoots multiplication stage was arranged in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design,with three replications. The first factor was polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) concentration consisted of six treatments i.e.: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 %. The second factor was Cystein concentration consisted of four treatments i.e.: 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/1. The microshoots rooting stage the results experiment was laid in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design, with three replications. The first factor was Giberalic acid (GA3) consisted of five treatments i.e.:0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/1. The second factor was Boric acid concentration consisted of four levels i.e.: 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/1. In the microshoots proliferation stage the results showed that there was interaction between IAA and Kinetin concentration on the microshoots proliferation and the number of shoot per explnat. The best results were obtained from the treatment 0.75 mg/1 IAA + 7.5 mg/1 Kinetin, whereas in this treatment the rate of microshoots proliferation and the number of microshoots perexplant was 50 % and 3.9, respectively. In the microshoots multiplication stage, the results showed that there was interaction between PVP and Cystein concentration. The best results were obtained from the treatment 0.75% PVP + 75 mg/1 Cystein, whereas in this treatment the rate of microshoots multiplication and the number of microshoots per explant was 95% and 6.3, respectively. In the rooting stage, the results showed that there was interaction between GA and Boric acid concentration. The experiment indicated that 0.5 mg/1 GA3 + 100 mg/1 Boric acid showed the best result to stimulate root induction of the in vitro microshoots propagation, whereas in this treatment the percentage of rooted microshoots and the hight of plantlet were 95% and 5.7 Cm, respectively

Prospek Penggunaan Korpus Untuk Studi Kebahasaan Dan Proses Pembelajaran Bahasa Kedua

This article will argue that intuition-based description by native speakers to some extent may not be accurate in depicting what people really say and think about the language. Since the problem of learning a second language is essentially lexical, the introduction of machine-readable text corpora has been seen as an alternative for describing lexical behaviour of a natural language and media which second language teachers and learners can benefit from (see Fox, 1988, Willis, 1990, Francis, 1993). The corpus programs such as Concordancing, Sentence, and Collocation are capable of providing data of lexical properties, and thus, overcoming the failings of intuition. In addition, it also helps learners and teachers understand the characteristics of lexicon, various meanings of the word and acquire its syntactic propertie

Causal Correlation Between Technology Level, Institutional Support, and Agricultural Extension Role Againts for the Adoption Level of Livestock-Crop Integration

Efforts to increase the amount of livestock-crop integration adopter needs agricultural extension support and powerful institutional support through technology transfer to farmers. This research was aimed to determine causal correlation between technology level, institutional support and agricultural extension\u27s role against the adoption level of livestock-crop integration. This research was conducted from 15th February - 31th March 2013 in Sadangkulon, Kebumen Regency. The used method in this study was structured survey method. Respondents were taken as much as 31 people using sample random sampling, as much as 50% from each farmer group. Variables which measured in this study were integration technology level, agricultural extension role, and adoption level of livestock-crop integration. Data were analyzed using path analysis to estimate the coefficient of linear structural equation which has a causal correlation by SPSS tools. The research result showed that the contribution of exogenous variables (technology level, institutional support, and agricultural extension role) simultaneously affecting the adoption level of livestock-crop integration of 72,5% (P < 0,05). Partially, the adoption level of livestock-crop integration was directly affected by the mastery level of technology (16,4%), institutional support (4,7%), and agricultural extension role (13,4%). Based correlation analysis showed that the correlation between exogenous variable have a positive and significant correlation (r12 = 0,580; r13 = 0,703; and r23 = 0,427). Based on the research result, that mastery level of technology, institutional support, and agricultural extension role had a causal correlation against the adoption level of livestock-crop integration

Pluralisme Agama dan Konflik

Indonesians generally claim as religious nation. History showedthat Indonesian is a nation with rich races, tribes, ethnics, cultures, cus­tom, and religions. That richness is a gift from God so human beingscould organize and maintain their harmony in order to respect and ap­preciate one another in their diversity.Religions and beliefs such as Islam, Christian, Catholics, Hindu­ism, Buddha and other believe ideologies educate human beings to dogood things (ikhsan) among human being, between members of a reli­gious community, and among members of various religious communi­ties.Efforts needed to keep away tension and conflict in daily life ofmembers of a religious community and among members of various reli­gious communities are to implement and to apply their own tenets, tocreate dialog among various religious community in leader level or ingrassroots level regularly. In addition, to collect various thoughts andopinions of different group of people that care of religious role in solv­ing current social problems

Confirmation of Transgenic Robusta Coffee (Coffea Canephora) Transformed by Chitinase-encoding Gene and Its Propagation Through Somatic Embryogenesis

Genetic engineering of Robusta coffee resistant to fungal diseases might be done by introducing a chitinase-encoding gene into genome of this plant. This research was aimed to confirm transgenic plant of BP 308 clone Robusta coffee transformed by chi gene and to evaluate its ability for the somatic embryogenesis. Confirmation of transgenic was carried out by analysis the presence of NPTII gene as a selectable marker for Canamysin resistant using PCR technique. The somatic embryo initiation and reproduction were evaluated in 11 plant accessions. Three kinds of sucrose concentration, 20%, 30% and 40% were applied in initiation stage of somatic embryo germination. The suitability of 4 medium, namely M1 (without addition by liquid medium), M2 (addition by liquid medium contained 0.25 mg/l kinetin), M3 (addition by liquid medium contained 0.25 mg/l IAA) and M4 (addition by liquid medium contained 0.25 mg/l GA3 ) was evaluated for somatic embryo maturation. The result showed that 8 out of 10 plant accessions tested were transgenic and they could be propagated through somatic embryogenesis. The ability of transgenic plant for somatic embryo initiation, reproduction and regeneration were similar with that of nontransgenic one. Germination of somatic embryo could be improved by using 40% sucrose. Maturation of somatic embryo could be improved by addition of fresh liquid medium on the ancient gelled medium that used for somatic embryos reproduction. The best result was obtained on addition of fresh medium contained 0.25 mg/l GA 3 in which 65% of the somatic embryos developed to pre-germinate somatic embryo

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Determining Vegetative Growth Traits in Coffea Canephor

Recently the use of molecular markers has been successfully applied for some crops. For coffee, new opportunities have been opened since Nestlé R&D Centre in collaboration with ICCRI completed the first genetic map of Coffea canephora. This study was aimed both to evaluate the phenotypic trait and also to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling the vegetative growth in Robusta coffee. Present study used three C. canephora populations and six genetic maps developed based on these populations using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers. A total of 17 different quantitative data were used for the detection of QTLs on each of three populations. Present result showed that most of these traits were not heritable. The nine vegetative traits have been identified and distributed over seven different linkage groups. Due to some QTLs determining one given trait were overlapping on the same linkage group and were coming from the same favourable parent, a total of 19 QTLs detected for vegetative traits might finally be considered as only 12 QTLs involved. However, only two of them were shared for different traits. One involved for the number/length of primary branches and width of the canopy while the other for length of internodes and width of canopy. These two QTLs might determine the size of the tree canopy in this species