Effects of multiple subcavities with floor subcavity in supersonic cavity flow

Experimental and computational analysis has been carried out by many researchers on supersonic cavity flow, but detailed analysis based on Rossiter's model still requires some insight. In the current study an open rectangular cavity with a length to depth ratio of 2 (L/D = 2) and Mach number at the inlet as 1.71, was considered as a baseline configuration for experimental analysis. Statistical techniques such as power spectral density (PSD), correlation, and overall sound pressure level (OASPL) were carried out on the unsteady pressure data, to analyze the aero-acoustic flow physics. High-speed schlieren images were processed to obtain spatially coherent modes by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The analysis was extended for different dimensions of subcavities on the aft, floor, and front wall. This detailed analysis of these configurations with different dimensions and combinations revealed the various flow features and mode frequencies in supersonic cavity. As the front wall subcavity act as a passive control device, reducing the overall sound pressure level inside the cavity whereas, the aft wall subcavity acts as a passive resonator with distinct harmonic fluid-resonant modes, a similar phenomenon was observed for floor subcavity at different locations. A novel method was employed to analyze Rossiter's model and its applicability in estimating experimental modes was verified, as it accurately predicted the dominant frequencies with a maximum of 2.74% uncertainty among all the configurations

Primary invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the nipple in an adult male: A case report and brief review of literature

This is a case report of a rare and uncommon primary invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nipple in a male patient. The patient presented with an ulcerated growth over the left nipple for the last 20 years, which progressed over the last 6 months. He underwent wide local excision with level II axillary lymph node dissection, and one out of 42 lymph nodes harvested showed metastatic deposit. The patient was planned for follow-up with no adjuvant treatment, and had no evidence of local-regional or distant recurrence at 24 months follow-up. The primary invasive SCC of male nipple is very rare, and its diagnosis is challenging as it can be confused with other clinical conditions. However, a histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry can differentiate primary SCC nipple from other differential diagnoses. The treatment options for cutaneous SCC include surgical excision, cryotherapy, electrosurgery, topical ointments, definitive radiation therapy, and photodynamic therapy. Regional lymph node dissection in SCC nipple could potentially have therapeutic and prognostic significance

Factors associated with help-seeking by women facing intimate partner violence in India: findings from National Family Health Survey-5 (2019–2021)

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women has harmful effects on their psychological and physical health. However, help-seeking for IPV is significantly low among women in the Indian context. This study examines the different factors that influence help-seeking behaviour among women in India. It also studies associations of the type of IPV with the source of help. Methods The study analyses data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey that was conducted in India (2019–2021). Independent variables were categorized at individual, relationship-household and community levels. The Stata 14.2 software was used to calculate the prevalence ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Variables with p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Poisson regression helped identify factors associated with help-seeking. Results Results indicate that among 72,320 women aged 18–49 years, 17,765 women ever-faced IPV. Of them, 14.2% of women who faced either physical and/or sexual IPV sought any help. Husband’s consumption of alcohol almost doubled the likelihood of help-seeking among women (19.91%), compared to women whose husbands did not drink alcohol (10.19%). Witnessing parental IPV also increased the odds (17.26%) of help-seeking. Women who were not empowered were more likely to seek help (14.11%) compared to women who were empowered (12.56%). The police were the predominant source where women went for formal help (6.94 to 8.43%), followed by doctors (1.84 to 2.71%). Close to 1 in 4 women (22.5%) sought help for sexual IPV, while 14.4% of women sought help for physical IPV. Around 95% of all women who faced IPV sought informal help, with 3 in 5 of them approaching their own families, and 3 in 10 approaching their in-laws or marital families. Conclusions Two significant factors that associate positively with help-seeking by women facing IPV are husbands’ alcohol consumption and witnessing parental IPV. Most women preferred informal help from the natal family, while among formal providers, the police were the foremost choice. Programmes and initiatives to build capacities of communities, and of police to respond to women seeking help for IPV, would enable more women to reach out for help

Twelve-month observational study of children with cancer in 41 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic

Childhood cancer is a leading cause of death. It is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted childhood cancer mortality. In this study, we aimed to establish all-cause mortality rates for childhood cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic and determine the factors associated with mortality