NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL PERTURBATIONS IN Caenorhabditis elegans EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES

The ubiquitous use of pesticides all over the world leads to adverse effects on both targets as well as non-target species. The extensive and uncontrolled use of organophosphates (OPs), a large group of pesticidal compounds in agricultural and household products are resulting in high exposure to humans.  This research has been carried out to study the adverse effect of OPs i.e., chlorpyrifos, trichlorfon, and disulfoton on model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate their behavioural as well as developmental toxicity at different time intervals i.e., 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours (hrs) of exposure. A significant difference was observed in all the behavioural endpoints like locomotion, egg-laying, offspring count, and learning along with developmental parameters like mortality, paralysis, and growth rendering from moderate to high toxic effects. Based on the above screening, trichlorfon resulted in glutamatergic and cholinergic neurodegeneration along with elevated autofluorescence. Loss in Yellow fluorescent Protein (YFP) and Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) was recorded by 57.96% and 30.52% using transgenic strains OH11124 (otIs388 [eat-4(fosmid)::SL2::YFP::H2B + (pBX)pha-1(+)] III) and OH13083 (otIs576 [unc-17(fosmid)::GFP + lin-44::YFP]). These results have shown the biological potency of toxicants in C. elegans and pave the way forward to provide insight into various neurogenerative diseases in humans

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HYPOCHLORITE METHOD ON TRANSGENIC STRAIN BY250

oai:ojs2.ojs3.com:article/1Caenorhabditis elegans is an ideal model organism that has been applied to a wide range of studies into toxicology, neurobiology, molecular, and developmental biology. C.elegans has gain popularity as a model system worldwide because of its availability of genome database and similarity of the genome to human have enlarged its applications in the different areas of research and to study the molecular mechanism of various human diseases such as neurodegenerative, metabolic, and so on. The researchers were synchronized C.elegans to larval stage L1 before they experimented. These studies were propagated and describe as a powerful tool to obtain a large population of worms through a synchronization process at a specific stage, which can be used for a variety of experiments.&nbsp

NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES: IMPACT OF PESTICIDES

Pesticides are widely used to fulfill the higher yield requirement for humans in agricultural practices and the repellents to kill the unwanted insects but excess uses of these pesticides combat various diseases and are also responsible for environmental pollution.  Total 234 pesticides are registered in India out of these, four pesticides are WHO class 1a pesticide, 15 are WHO class 1b pesticides, and 76 are WHO class 2nd mentioned pesticides together constituting 40% registered pesticides. Excess use of pesticides can cause fatigue, headache, respiratory problems, and neurodegenerative diseases in human beings. Neurodegenerative disease is the result of a process called neuron degeneration in which the structure and functions of the neurons are progressively degenerate. Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis impose a burden on most of society. In the present study, we are emphasizing the mode of action of the various pesticides that influenced neurodegenerative diseases that is necessary to check the effect of neurotoxicants

Gender dysphoria with homosexuality and comorbid depressive disorder: complexities in concept and management

Gender identity disorder (GID) and homosexuality are complex entities debated over decades, whether should be categorized as a disorder or not. There are a number of problems specifically related to the criteria of the GID diagnosis like differences in the terms trans-sexualism and GID, failure of the proposed criteria in conceptualizing the whole spectrum of gender variance phenomena, the potential risk of physically invasive examinations to rule out intersex conditions and the application of diagnosis even after hormonal and surgical treatment. We hereby report complexities faced in the case of a male to female transsexual with homosexuality and depressive disorder and its management

Study of fetomaternal outcome in emergency peripartum hysterectomy at pannadhay zanana hospital, Udaipur, India

Background: Peripartum or obstetric hysterectomy is the removal of the corpus uteri alone or with the cervix at the time of a caesarean section or shortly after a vaginal delivery. On one hand, it is the last resort to save a woman's life and on the other hand, her reproductive capability is sacrificed. Many times it is a very difficult decision and requires good clinical judgment. Most of the time the operation is carried out when the condition of patient is too critical to withstand the risks of anesthesia or surgery, but proper timing and meticulous care may reduce or prevent maternal complications. Methods: The study is prospective study and was conducted on cases of peripartum emergency hysterectomy performed at PDZH, Udaipur, during the period from April 2021 to October 2022. Results: Our study depicts following results on the basis of 31498 deliveries during the study period (April 2021 to October 2022), so the overall incidence of peripartum hysterectomy is 1 in 1049 (0.095%). Incidence of hysterectomy following vaginal delivery found to be 0.15%, whereas following caesarean incidence found to be 0.24%. Conclusions: Increase in caesarean section rates may lead to a rise in the number of peripartum hysterectomies required in the future because of increased chances of scar dehiscence and morbidly adherent placenta and Thus, there is a need for institutions to reassess their indication for first caesarean section to decrease the incidence of caesarean sections.

Study of maternal and perinatal outcome in twin pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Twin pregnancy refers to the presence of two fetuses in the uterus. The phenomenon of twinning has fascinated mankind throughout its recorded history. The major problems occurring in twin pregnancy are prematurity, Lbw, IUGR, birth trauma, birth asphyxia and congenital anomalies. The most serious risk is preterm delivery, which accounts for most of the increased perinatal mortality, neonatal morbidity, and long-term morbidity of twins. Methods: This prospective observational study included analysis of 250 women with twin pregnancies, over a period from 01st November 2021 to 31st October 2022 with 28 completed weeks of gestation, admitted at PDMC, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Results: In our study 250 twin pregnancies delivered Out of total 15209 deliveries were studied in our institute. incidence of twin pregnancy was 1.64%. The majority of study participants were in the age group 20 to 29 year and delivered between the gestation age 34-37week, multigravida was 51.2% and in primi it was 48.8%. The 4% patients underwent caesarean section and 48% delivered by vaginal delivery. Conclusions: Twin pregnancy is a great challenge to the concerned obstetricians. Complications associated with twin pregnancies cannot be prevented but can be detected early and controlled adequately by proper and prompt management. Timely diagnosis and treatment of nutritional anaemia and pre-eclampsia helps in preventing additional complications. Hence the need for better obstetric care, neonatal care, health services to get a better fruitful outcome