Penilaian Risiko Kesehatan Berbasis Keamanan Pangan Akibat Paparan Logam Berat dalam Biji Kedelai pada Sistem Pertanian Berkelanjutan

Heavy metals rank high among the hazardous contaminants in the fresh produce of plant origin, originating from growing media and contaminated air environments. Plants absorb heavy metals depending on the availability of heavy metal ions in the soil and anthropogenic activities using agrochemicals. The entry of heavy metals into the human body through the tropic level can cause various chronic diseases; so regular monitoring of the presence of heavy metal contaminants in fresh products of plant origin is critical. Testing for heavy metal contaminants in plant tissues using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer – flame. The research results showed that the heavy metal contaminant Cd was not detected in the pre-cultivated agricultural land. In plant tissues, Pb in the pre-cultivated land was detected at 49,271 ± 0,423 mg kg–1, while Cu in the pre-cultivated land was 87,369 ± 0,867 mg kg–1, and in soybean seed tissue 12,571 ± 0,698 mg kg–1. Based on research results for Cu contaminants, show that a THQ value of 0.001 means that it does not have the potential to suffer chronic non-carcinogenic health consequences. This situation is reinforced by the THQ < RfD value means that stakeholders to be vigilant about reducing Cu contaminants on agricultural land, by consistently implementing good agricultural practices

PERBAIKAN KUALITAS BIJI KEDELAI TERKONTAMINASI LOGAM BERAT DANFORMASI KOMPLEK PHYTOCHELATIN

A study on the improvement of the quality of soybean seeds contaminated heavy metal and formation complex of phytochelatin. This research was the improvement of the quality of soybean seed stage through chelation. Research factors include: citric acid chelating agent (C) consists of three levels (1, 2 and 3 g); contact time of chelation (D) consists of three levels (90, 120 and 180 minutes) and the seeds condition (E), consists of three levels (whole, ruptured and flour). The results showed that the highest Pb reduction achieved in the treatment of C1D1E1 [chelation used chelating agent (1 g), contact time 90 minutes and whole bean conditions] werechelation conditioned at pH 10. On the basis of highest reductionand provisional tolerable daily intake, thus should be consumed human beings 80,1826 g soybeans kg–1 body weight day–1 (increased 5.39 times from pre-chelation). The data reduction of the highest achieved in the Cd all chelation treatment a conditioned at pH 10, thus should be consumed human beings 1.127,8195 g soybeans kg–1 body weight day–1(increased 10,53 times from pre-chelation). Phytochelatin complex at neutral pH, coordinated by COO– from cysteine ligands, whereas at pH 11 were on the formation of mononuclear coordination of cadmium (II)cysteine [Cd(S,N–Cys)2]2– (CdS2N2),coordinated by cysS– from cysteine ligands. Heavy metals Pb and Cd contained in the complex Cd and Pb phytochelatin of exposed cells

MAXIMIZATION OF GROWTH AND YIELD OF CAYENNE PEPPER WITH TEA LEAF DREGS COMPOST

Fertilization is needed by plants, including cayenne pepper. Organic fertilizers have advantages because of the complete composition of nutrients. Tea leaf dregs which is an organic fertilizer that contains a number of nutrients that are quite good for cayenne pepper plants. This study aims to determine the effect of tea leaf dregs compost on the growth and yield of cayenne pepper. The research was carried out in Beji village, East Ungaran, Semarang district from February to June 2017 with latosol soil type. The design used was a single factor completely randomized design with 18 replications. The levels were without tea leaf dregs compost, doses of tea leaf dregs compost were 10, 20, 30, and 40 tons/ha. The results showed that the most productive branches were at a dose of tea leaf dregs compost of 20 tons/ha, dry weight of stover 40 tons/ha, fruit weight per plant 30 tons/ha, and flowering age 20 tons/ha and harvest age 30 tons/ha. The conclusion of this study was that tea leaf dregs compost increased the number of productive branches, dry weight of stover and fruit weight per plant, and accelerated flowering and harvesting ages. The implication of this research is that the cultivation of cayenne pepper should use tea leaf dregs compost at a dose of 30 tons/ha

Distribusi Plumbum, Cadmium pada Biji Kedelai, dan Deprotonasi Gugus Fungsional Karboksil Asam Sitrat dalam Khelasi

A study on the distribution of plumbum, cadmium on soybeans and deprotonation of carboxyl functional groups of citric acid in the chelation process. This study was deprotonation phase of carboxyl functional groups of citric acid as chelating agent, that was review chemically activity (protons number) functional group of citric acid was caused of chelation environment pH changes. Research factors were 1) ratios of citric acid with water, consists of three levels i.e. 0,1:1; 0,2:1 and 0,3:1 second factors was chelation environment pH, consists of three levels i.e. 5; 7.5 and 10. The results showed that, the plumbum (Pb) accumulation in seed coat tissue average value 0,37 ± 0,03 ppm, whereas Pb  on cotyledon tissue average value 0,39 ± 0,07 ppm. Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in seed coat tissue average value  was 0,02 ± 0,004 ppm while the Cd on cotyledon tissue average value 0,02 ± 0,003 ppm. The highest deprotonation of functional groups citric acid as chelating agent 9,43cmol+kg was reached on chelation condition citric acid ratios with water 0,3:1 on chelation environment pH 10 (A3B3–1). The study result non significant difference with citric acid ratios with water 0,2:1 and 0,1:1 on chelation environment pH 10.ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang distribusi plumbum, cadmium pada biji kedelai dan deprotonasi gugus fungsional karboksil asam sitrat dalam proses khelasi. Penelitian ini merupakan tahapan deprotonasi gugus fungsional karboksil asam sitrat, yaitu tinjauan secara kimiawi keaktifan (jumlah proton) gugus fungsional asam sitrat akibat perubahan pH lingkungan khelasi. Faktor penelitian meliputi  ratio asam sitrat terhadap air yang terdiri dari tiga taraf 0,1:1, 0,2:1 dan 0,3:1 dengan pH lingkungan khelasi yang terdiri dari tiga taraf 5; 7,5 dan 10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, akumulasi plumbum (Pb) pada jaringan kulit biji kedelai rerata 0,37 ± 0,03 ppm, sedangkan Pb pada jaringan kotiledon rerata 0,39 ± 0,07 ppm. Akumulasi cadmium (Cd) pada jaringan kulit biji kedelai rerata 0,02 ± 0,004 ppm sedangkan Cd pada jaringan kotiledon rerata 0,02 ± 0,004 ppm. Deprotonasi gugus fungsional chelating agent asam sitrat tertinggi 9,43 cmol + kg –1 dicapai pada kondisi khelasi dengan ratio asam sitrat terhadap air 0,3:1 pada lingkungan khelasi pH 10 (A). Keadaan tersebut tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan ratio asam sitrat 0,2:1 dan 0,1:1 pada lingkungan khelasi pH 10

Khelasi Plumbum (Pb) dan Cadmium (Cd) Menggunakan Asam Sitrat Pada Biji Kedela

A study on the chelation of plumbum and cadmium by citric acid in soybean seeds, it was aimed to identify the effect of chelation treatment (chelating ratio, time contact and seeds condition) on plumbum reduction and cadmium in soybean seeds. A factors of research covering 1st) chelating ratio (citric acid/”C”) consisting of three (1, 2 and 3 grams of citric acid); 2nd) the time contact (“D”) consisting of three (90, 120 and 180 minutes) and the 3rd factors is condition of the seeds (“E”) consisting of three standard (whole qualify e.i. passing sieve of 0.3 inch and restrained at 0.2 inch), ruptured e.i. restrained for sieve at 10 mesh, and flour qualify for pass for sieves 50 mesh. The result showed that the combination of three factors were able to reduce Cd maximaly (non detected/detect limit 0.01 ppm). Reduction Pb maximaly (non detected /detect limit 0.09 ppm) occured in treatment C1D1E1, C1D1E2, C1D2E1, C1D2E2, C1D2E2, C2D1E1, C2D1E2, C2D2E1, C2D3E1, C2D3E2, C3D1E1 and C3D2E1. A combination of citric acid chelation (C) with the time contact (D) showing significant difference and both showed interactions, the reduction of the highest was C1D1 treatment. A combination of citric acid chelation (C) with the condition of the nut (E) showed significant difference and both no interaction, the reduction of the highest was C2E1 treatment. The combination between the time of contact (D) with the condition of the seed (E) showed significant difference and both no interaction, the reduction of the highest were D1E1 and D2E1 treatments.ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang khelasi plumbum (pb) dan cadmium (cd) menggunakan asam sitrat pada biji kedelai, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor perlakuan khelasi (ratio pengkhelat, waktu kontak dan kondisi biji) dalam mereduksi Pb dan Cd pada biji kedelai. Faktor penelitian meliputi 1) rasio pengkhelat (asam sitrat/C) yang terdiri dari tiga taraf (1, 2 dan 3 gram asam sitrat); 2) waktu kontak (D) yang terdiri dari tiga taraf (90, 120 dan 180 menit) serta faktor ke-3) kondisi biji (E) yang terdiri dari tiga taraf (utuh yaitu lolos pada saringan 0.3 inch dan tertahan pada 0.2 inch, pecah yaitu tertahan pada saringan 10 mesh dan tepung yaitu lolos pada saringan 50 mesh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ketiga faktor, mampu mereduksi Cd secara maksimal (tidak terdeteksi/batas deteksi 0,01 ppm). Reduksi Pb tertinggi adalah maksimal (tidak terdeteksi/batas deteksi 0,09 ppm) terjadi pada perlakuan C1D1E1, C1D1E2, C1D2E1 dan C1D2E2; C2D1E1, C2D1E2, C2D2E1, C2D3E1 dan C2D3E2; C3D1E1 dan C3D2E1. Kombinasi antara pengkhelat ”asam sitrat” (C) dengan waktu kontak (D) menunjukkan berbeda nyata dan keduanya menunjukkan interaksi, reduksi tertinggi dicapai perlakuan C1D1. Kombinasi antara pengkhelat ”asam sitrat” (C) dengan kondisi biji (E) menunjukkan berbeda nyata dan keduanya tidak ada interaksi, reduksi tertinggi dicapai perlakuan C2E1. Kombinasi antara waktu kontak (D) dengan kondisi biji (E) menunjukkan berbeda nyata dan tidak ada interaksi, reduksi tertinggi dicapai perlakuan D1E1 dan D2E1

Distribusi Plumbum, Cadmium pada Biji Kedelai, dan Deprotonasi Gugus Fungsional Karboksil Asam Sitrat dalam Khelasi

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang distribusi plumbum, cadmium pada biji kedelai dan deprotonasi gugus fungsional karboksil asam sitrat dalam proses khelasi. Penelitian ini merupakan tahapan deprotonasi gugus fungsional karboksil asam sitrat, yaitu tinjauan secara kimiawi keaktifan (jumlah proton) gugus fungsional asam sitrat akibat Perubahan pH lingkungan khelasi. Faktor penelitian meliputi ratio asam sitrat terhadap air yang terdiri dari tiga taraf 0,1:1, 0,2:1 dan 0,3:1 dengan pH lingkungan khelasi yang terdiri dari tiga taraf 5; 7,5 dan 10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, akumulasi plumbum (Pb) pada jaringan kulit biji kedelai rerata 0,37 ± 0,03 ppm, sedangkan Pb pada jaringan kotiledon rerata 0,39 ± 0,07 ppm. Akumulasi cadmium (Cd) pada jaringan kulit biji kedelai rerata 0,02 ± 0,004 ppm sedangkan Cd pada jaringan kotiledon rerata 0,02 ± 0,004 ppm. Deprotonasi gugus fungsional chelating agent asam sitrat tertinggi 9,43 cmol + kg –1 dicapai pada kondisi khelasi dengan ratio asam sitrat terhadap air 0,3:1 pada lingkungan khelasi pH 10 (A). Keadaan tersebut tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan ratio asam sitrat 0,2:1 dan 0,1:1 pada lingkungan khelasi pH 10

Khelasi Plumbum (Pb) Dan Cadmium (Cd) Menggunakan Asam Sitrat Pada Biji Kedela

A study on the chelation of plumbum and cadmium by citric acid in soybean seeds, it was aimed to identify the effect of chelation treatment (chelating ratio, time contact and seeds condition) on plumbum reduction and cadmium in soybean seeds. A factors of research covering 1st) chelating ratio (citric acid/”C”) consisting of three (1, 2 and 3 grams of citric acid); 2nd) the time contact (“D”) consisting of three (90, 120 and 180 minutes) and the 3rd factors is condition of the seeds (“E”) consisting of three standard (whole qualify e.i. passing sieve of 0.3 inch and restrained at 0.2 inch), ruptured e.i. restrained for sieve at 10 mesh, and flour qualify for pass for sieves 50 mesh. The result showed that the combination of three factors were able to reduce Cd maximaly (non detected/detect limit 0.01 ppm). Reduction Pb maximaly (non detected /detect limit 0.09 ppm) occured in treatment C1D1E1, C1D1E2, C1D2E1, C1D2E2, C1D2E2, C2D1E1, C2D1E2, C2D2E1, C2D3E1, C2D3E2, C3D1E1 and C3D2E1. A combination of citric acid chelation (C) with the time contact (D) showing significant difference and both showed interactions, the reduction of the highest was C1D1 treatment. A combination of citric acid chelation (C) with the condition of the nut (E) showed significant difference and both no interaction, the reduction of the highest was C2E1 treatment. The combination between the time of contact (D) with the condition of the seed (E) showed significant difference and both no interaction, the reduction of the highest were D1E1 and D2E1 treatments

GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum) DENGAN PUPUK KANDANG SAPI, TINJAUAN KEAMANAN PANGAN DARI ASPEK CEMARAN LOGAM BERAT

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of manure dosage treatment factors on shallot yield and heavy metal contamination of Pb, Cd, and Cu. Research factors include the use of cow manure, consisting of 9 levels of doses, namely: 0, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 kg/ha. The results showed that the increase in manure dose was followed by an increase in the yield of shallot bulbs. The highest yield of shallot tubers (3,897.76) kg/ha was achieved in the treatment of doses of cow manure 50 kg/ha, the treatment was significantly different from the yield of shallot bulbs (3,634.73 kg/ha at the dose of manure treatment. cattle 45 kg/ha. While the lowest yield of shallots (1,875.86) kg/ha was achieved in the treatment of 0 kg/ha without manure. Heavy metal contamination on shallot bulbs in the dose treatment of cow manure 50 kg/ha consecutively: Pb (15,350) ppm, Cd (undetectable) detection limit of 0.01 ppm, and Cu (4,255) ppm. Heavy metal contamination on the shallot bulbs, among others, comes from the medium where the plants grow. Heavy metal content in the soil (pre-research) respectively: Pb (33.612), Cd (undetectable), and Cu (52.251) ppm. Meanwhile, the heavy metal content in manure added to the land consecutively: Pb (15,659), Cd (undetectable), while Cu (35,118) ppm

EFISIENSI PUPUK KANDANG ITIK PADA MASA TRANSISI DARI PERTANIAN KONVENSIONAL KE SISTEM PERTANIAN ORGANIK BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L).

ABSTRACT Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.) is one of the main vegetables in Indonesia and has many benefits. One of the efforts to increase local onion production through cultivation techniques is by giving dairy manure. This study aims to determine the dose duganakan efficient manure against the growth and yield of onions, knowing the effect of duck manure on soil fertility. This research was carried out in April to June 2018 in Nganjat Village, Polanharjo District, Klaten Regency. The altitude of 225 meters above sea level with gray Regosol soil type. This study uses a single factor method with the basic design of Complete Randomized Block Design (RAKL) and repeated 4 times with the following level; K1: duck manure 5 ton/ha, K2: duck manure 7.5 ton/ha, K3: duck manure 10 ton/ ha, K4: duck manure 12.5 ton/ha, K5: duck manure 15 ton/ha, K6 : duck manure 17.5 ton/ha, K7: duck manure 20 ton/ha. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The provision of duck manure with a level of 5 ton/ha up to 20 ton/ha showed no significant difference in the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, dry stover weight, number of tubers and the diameter of the planting. Whereas in the parameters of fresh stover weight, the number of planting bulbs, the weight of tubers of crop consumption showed significantly different results. For the parameters of tuber weight, the consumption of the plant and tubers show the results are very different. (2) In this study, the administration of 15 tons / ha K5 duck manure doses gave the best results on several parameters of onion growth and yield. Giving K1 5 tons / ha duck manure, it produces the lowest tuber which is 2,16 tons / ha while giving K6 duck manure 17.5 tons / ha increases the yield of red onion bulbs which is 6,45 tons / ha.(3) The provision of duck manure in addition to affecting the growth and yield of onion plants was able to increase the amount of  N in the soil after harvest

Impact of carbofurans on sweet corn pest predators: A study of good agroecosystem practices

Sweet corn (Zea mays var. Saccharata, Sturt) is a horticultural crop with high economic value. Sweet corn plants are susceptible to attack by plant pest organisms, reducing production yields. Using synthetic chemical pesticides of the carbamate group can reduce the diversity of predatory insects as biological controllers. Many farmers do not know about the role of predatory insects in agriculture, so there is often a mistarget in control. This study aimed to determine the diversity of predatory insects on sweet corn. The research was conducted in Cabeyan, Sukoharjo district, using the descriptive observation method. Data collection is done directly. In this study, several types of predatory insects were found, including three species from the Araneae order, two from the Odonata, one from the Hymenoptera, one from the Diptera, and one species from the Coleoptera.Sweet corn (Zea mays var. Saccharata, Sturt) is a horticultural crop with high economic value. Sweet corn plants are susceptible to attack by plant pest organisms, reducing production yields. Using synthetic chemical pesticides of the carbamate group can reduce the diversity of predatory insects as biological controllers. Many farmers do not know about the role of predatory insects in agriculture, so there is often a mistarget in control. This study aimed to determine the diversity of predatory insects on sweet corn. The research was conducted in Cabeyan, Sukoharjo district, using the descriptive observation method. Data collection is done directly. In this study, several types of predatory insects were found, including three species from the Araneae order, two from the Odonata, one from the Hymenoptera, one from the Diptera, and one species from the Coleoptera