A clinical study on the analysis of caesarean section rates using Robson’s ten group classification in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Auditing c section rates can be done using Robson’s classification which in turn helps achieve a uniform basis for comparison across centers and across various countries.Methods: A retrospective analysis was done in a tertiary care hospital in north Karnataka KIMS, over a period of 6 months May 2017 to October 2017. All cases of LSCS done during this period were classified according to Robson’s classification and analyzed.Results: Out of 5080 overall deliveries 1876 delivered by cesarean section attributing to 36.76% cesarean section rate. Highest contribution was from group 5 (36%) and group 2 (19.24%).Conclusions: Robson’s classification helps to identify and analyze the group that contribute to the most to overall cesarean section rate and this helps us to modify strategies and interventions to optimize cesarean section rate

Maternal and neonatal outcome in primigravida with mobile head at ≥39 weeks of gestation

Background: Primigravida with mobile head at ≥39 weeks of gestation are prone to the probability of caesarean section. With this study we aimed to identify the maternal and neonatal outcome of primigravida with mobile head at ≥39 weeks of gestation under the watchful expectancy and good conduct of labour.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among primigravida with mobile head at ≥39 weeks admitted for delivery in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, govt. medical college, Kottayam, Kerala, from February 2021 to September 2021. A sample size of 247 was identified considering 28% proportion of presentation with deflexed head, 95% confidence interval and 2% margin of error. A detailed history, physical examination and ultrasonography was performed.Results: Of the 250 participants, the mean age of the study subjects was 24.97±3.93 and mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.72±4.78 kg/m2. The most common cause for mobile head was a deflexed head (35.2%). A lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) was conducted in 28.8% participants while vacuum assistance ad forceps assistance was required for 9.6% and 4.4% participants respectively. The most common indication for LSCSC being moderate to thick meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) 23% followed by 1st degree CPD failed trial in 17% cases. A significant association with maternal morbidity was observed in undiagnosed placenta previa (p=0.039) and vacuum-assisted deliveries (p=0.001). We observed that 3.6% of babies have meconium aspiration syndrome, and 8% of new born were admitted in intensive care for foetal distress.Conclusions: Primigravida with mobile head at term during labour requires intense monitoring. Although the duration of labour appeared to be prolonged in a small proportion of patients with watchful expectancy and good conduct of labour and timely intervention, vaginal delivery is possible with minimal maternal and neonatal morbidity.

A Secure and authorized Duplication model in Cloud Using multi-layered cryptosystem based

the present a scheme that permits a more fine-grained trade-off. The intuition is that outsourced data may require different levels of the protection, depending on how to popular it is: content shared by many users, such as popular song or video, arguably requires less protection than a personal document, the copy of a payslip or the draft of an un submitted scientific paper. Unfortunately, semantically secure encryption schemes render various cost-effective storage optimization techniques, such as the data de duplication, ineffective. We present a novel idea that differentiates data according to their popularity. Based on this idea, we design an encryption scheme that the guarantees semantic security for the unpopular data and provides weaker security and better storage and bandwidth benefits for popular data

Self imposed ban by local fisherfolk for the conservation of brown mussel

Brown mussel, Perna indica is one of the important bivalve resources off Thiruvananthapuram coast and mussel beds located in the Vizhinjam-Kovalam region is the main area targetted by fishers. This organized bivalve fishery supports the livelihoods around 300 fishermen. Fishing is carried out throughout the year except during monsoon season that starts early in the morning before 6 am and landing at shore by 9 am

Recent advancements in Edible Oyster (Crassostrea madrasensis) hatchery technology in India

Oyster farming remains a vital industry, catering to the culinary preferences of millions while also championing responsible aquaculture practices and environmental conservation. As we forge ahead in our quest for sustainable seafood production, oyster farming serves as a remarkable example of how human innovation can coexist harmoniously with nature, ensuring a legacy for these exquisite molluscs for generations to come. Currently, the time required for freshly produced spat to mature into marketable-sized oysters stands at three to four years in the subtropical countries that dominate the industry. India, with its tropical climate, faster growth rates, abundant suitable areas for oyster farming, and cost-effective labour, has a promising opportunity to enter the oyster export market

Detection of humoral and cell mediated immune responses among breeder ducks vaccinated against riemerellosis

Riemerellosis is an infectious disease that primarily affects young ducklings, although it can infrequently be manifested in a chronic localised form in older ducks. Though an inactivated vaccine has been found to be most effective in preventing the disease in ducklings, its potency in adult breeder ducks has not been assessed yet. To investigate the same, 200 Kuttanad breeder ducks maintained in the University Poultry and Duck Farm (UPDF), Mannuthy were grouped into two, of 100 birds each, T1 being the control group and T2, the treatment (vaccinated) group. The oil-adjuvanted inactivated vaccine, prepared as per the previously standardised protocol, was administered to the T2 group in two doses, one week apart. Blood samples in serum vials, 20 each from T1 and T2, were collected on days 0, 14, 28, 56 and 90 post-immunisation (PI) whereas blood samples in heparin vials, eight each from both the groups, were collected on days 0, 14, and 28 PI. Humoral immunity (HI) and cell mediated immunity (CMI) in the adult ducks were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA), respectively. The two assays revealed that the inactivated vaccine elicited a good immune response in the adult ducks, with HI noticed until 90th day PI and an increasing CMI that peaked on 28th day PI

Microplastics in guts of short neck clam

The Short neck clam, Paphia malabarica Chemnitz, 1782, fished from Muthalapozhi estuary, located in northern part of Kerala is regularly marketed in Karnataka, Goa and Maharashtra. The fishery is regularly monitored since 2017 by sampling clams from Azhoor for biological analysis

Bivalve seed production

The mussels are bivalve molluscs found attached to the hard surfaces in the littoral and sublittoral zones. They attach themselves to the substrate by secreting long threads called byssus. Though they are considered sedentary, they may move from one area to another if faced with unfavourable environmental conditions. Mussels are regarded as one of the best candidates for aquaculture since they are filter feeders feeding at the lowest level in the food chain (primary consumers); they feed on phytoplankton, detritus and associated microscopic flora and fauna. The two important species of mussels in India are the Green mussel Perna viridis(Peacock mussel/MayilpeeliKakka/Kallummekaya) and the Brown mussel Perna indica (Red chippi). The green mussel has a wider distribution along the west and east coasts of India, including the Andaman Islands. In contrast, the brown mussel is restricted to the southwest coast of India. Along the east coast, the green mussel is found in Chilka Lake, Kakinada, Madras, Pondicherry, Cuddalore and Porto Novo and along the west coast it forms on extensive beds from Muthalappuzha estuary in Trivandrum, Quilon, Alleppey, Cochin, Calicut to Kasargod, Mangalore, Karwar, Goa, Bhatia Creek, Malvan and the Gulf of Kutch (CMFRI, 2000). Now fishery for the green mussel exists in the region from Kollam to Kasargod and for brown mussel from Quilon to Kanyakumari along the Kerala Coas