Trauma and Transformative Passage

The strategic introduction of stressors to intentionally produce targeted psychological states has a long history among indigenous peoples. Rites of passage ceremonies commonly involve subjecting individuals to controlled violence to attain desired transformative outcomes. In this context, violence is held to be sacred and generative, ritually introducing distress in the service of loosening orientation and preparing the individual for spiritual advancement and the acquisition of a new identity. Traditional ritual initiation ceremonies are typically tripartite and characterized by stages of Separation, Ordeal, and Return. This article suggests that accounts of the experiences of initiates in Separation and Ordeal stages bear striking correspondences to trauma disorder phenomena, yielding insights that may contribute to improving the effectiveness of modern trauma interventions

PCPS Advocate, Volume10, Number 6, December 1989; Annual Report, 1988-89

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1990 Small Business Survey Report, May 1, 1990

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PCPS Reporter, Volume 6, Number 4, October 1985

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PCPS Reporter, Volume 8, Number 3, July 1987

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PCPS Advocate, Volume10, Number 3, June 1989

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PCPS Reporter, Volume 5, Number 3, July 1984

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PCPS Reporter, Volume 4 Number 4, October 1983

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Peer review manual: Organizational document with membership requirements, standards for peer reviews, administrative and other peer review procedures, revised edition 1984

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Helping you to prepare for peer review or quality review: AICPA Consulting review program

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