Correlation analysis of peak biomarker versus time to treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC)^*.

<p>*Log transformation of peak measurement of parameter.</p><p>Correlation analysis of peak biomarker versus time to treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC)^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131010#t003fn001" target="_blank">*</a>}.</p

Summary data for peak alanine aminotransferase values (ALT), acetaminophen (APAP) protein adducts, and bile acids by group.

<p>Data presented as median (range).</p><p>*p value for three way comparison.</p><p>**p value for pairwise comparison.</p><p>Bold p values indicate significance p<0.01; bold, italicized p values represent p = 0.01–0.05.</p><p>Summary data for peak alanine aminotransferase values (ALT), acetaminophen (APAP) protein adducts, and bile acids by group.</p

Comparison of time to reach peak bile acid, presented as a function of peak APAP protein adduct < or ≥ 1.0 nmol/mL APAP protein adduct.

<p>*denotes > 2.0 times the 25–75^th percentile; ^Odenotes > 1.5 times the 25–75^th percentile. GCA, Glycocholic acid; GDCA, Glycodeoxycholic acid; TDCA, Taurodeoxycholic acid.</p

Comparison of bile acids and acetaminophen protein adducts in children and adolescents with acetaminophen toxicity

<p>The relationship of individual bile acids to indicators of oxidative drug metabolism (acetaminophen protein adducts) and liver injury was examined in children with acetaminophen overdose, children with low dose exposure to acetaminophen, and children with no recent exposure to acetaminophen. Targeted metabolomic analysis was used to quantify nine bile acids in the serum samples of children and adolescents among the three groups. Bile acids were compared to serum levels of acetaminophen protein adducts and alanine aminotransferase.</p