Optical properties of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots realized by implantation induced intermixing

GaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots with diameter down to 70 nm have been realized by implantation induced intermixing. Photoluminescence studies demonstrate a high optical quality. From the systematic small blue shift of the dot luminescence with dot diameter it is shown that the dots reveal a steep radial potential and that the blue shift is caused by quantization. The increase of relative quantum efficiency of the dots with decreasing diameter can be explained by a model which takes the graded shape of the potential and the carrier capture from the barrier into account. Time-resolved measurement yield short carrier lifetimes in the dots. With decreasing dot diameter an increasing decay time and a slowed carrier cooling is observed

Smoking during pregnancy influences the maternal immune response in mice and humans

OBJECTIVE: During pregnancy the maternal immune system has to adapt its response to accommodate the fetus. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of smoking on the maternal immune system. STUDY DESIGN: First-trimester decidual tissue and peripheral blood of smoking and nonsmoking women were analyzed by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. A mouse model was used to further analyze the effects of smoking. Murine tissue was analyzed by flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Smoking caused lower percentages of viable pups in mice and lower birthweights in humans. Smoking mothers, both mice and human, had more natural killer cells and inflammatory macrophages locally, whereas systemically they had lower percentages of regulatory T cells than nonsmoking controls. CONCLUSION: Maternal smoke exposure during pregnancy influences local and systemic immune responses in both women and mice. Such changes may be involved in adverse pregnancy outcomes in smoking individuals

摂津国 山口村 紙漉人足駄賃切手 銀5匁

日本銀行金融研究所所蔵藩札等資料番号：ⅢAエドb2-5-17-1科学研究費助成事業（研究成果公開促進費）で電子化を実施データベースの名称：藩札等に関する統合データベース課題番号：19HP8033利用に関するお問い合わせ：画像の転載（出版物・HP等）に際しては、日本銀行貨幣博物館への申請手続きが必要です。詳しくは貨幣博物館ホームページ（http://www.imes.boj.or.jp/cm/service/）をご覧ください