Mini Review : Liver Fibrosis Mechanism

Liver fibrosis is the process of wound healing in the liver that caused by a various causes. The longer time of wound healing process, the more severe disorder will be. This chronic condition is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix then ended with fribrosis. This mini review describes about the phase of liver fibrogenesis. Even though there are many variations of fibrogenesis in animals and human, in general there are three fibrogenic cells that involved in fibrogenesis. These three cells are fibroblast or endogenous fibroblast like-cells, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and fibrocytes that derived from bone-marrow

A Retrospective Study of Canine Pyometra in Segar Veterinary Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Year 2012-2016

A retrospective study was used to analyse canine pyometra cases in Segar Veterinary Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from May 2012 to May 2016 and to investigate the relationship between pyometra and breed and age of dogs. The study was done through secondary collection of data from ambulatoirs of pyometra cases which were diagnosed based on anamnesis, examination of clinical signs and ultrasonography and/or radiography. The data collected includes breed categorised into small, medium, and large breeds, whereas the age are categorised into puppies, adulthood and geriatric. The data was then analysed with tree classification analysis and CATPCA (Principal Components Analysis for Categorical Data) analysis using SPSS program. A total of 80 cases of pyometra were recovered from female dog patients over the study period. Small breed dogs at 72.5% (n=58) and geriatric dogs at 62.5% (n=50) had the highest percentage of pyometra. The breeds Mongreal, German Shepard Dog, Mini Schnauzer, Silky Terrier, Toy Poodle, Beagle, Chow Chow, Golden Retriever, Rottweiler, Cocker Spaniel, White Terrier, Siberian Husky, and Pekingese aged older than 5.5 years had 100% from 37 cases of open-cervix pyometra. Geriatric and small breed dogs are inclined to have open-cervix pyometra. However adult and medium or large breed dogs have a higher possibility to have closed-cervix pyometra. These results serve to highlight the importance of public awareness regarding canine pyometra and further researches are needed to find out the effects of hormone therapy, frequency of births, and the bacteria present in uterus with pyometra

Ellagic Acid Activity in Healing Process of Incision Wound on Male Albino Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

This study was conducted to prove whether ellagic acid can be used as a regulator of incision wound healing process in male albino rats as experimental animals. A total of 24 male healthy rats based on physical examination, aged at 3 months old and weight at 150-180 grams used in this study. Rats were divided into three groups and each group has 8 replications, group of control (P0) has no incision wound and no medication, treatment group (P1) has incision wound and treated with Betadine® and (P2) has incision wound and treated with 2,5 % ellagic acid. The variable that observed are histopathology changes (collagen, PMN, angiogenesis and fibrosis) from the male albino rats. The samples collection was taken at day 15 and data were collected and analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test. The result of collagen and PMN cells score in the control group (P0) were 1.80 ± 0.16 and 1.6 ± 0.08 with mild angiogenesis and no fibrosis. The results in the treatment (P2) group, where the collagen and PMN scores were 1.60 ± 0.08 and 1.5 ± 0.8, accompanied by mild angiogenesis and fibrosis. Meanwhile, in the treatment (P1) group, the results of scoring of collagen and PMN were lower than the other groups, 0, 80 ± 0.08 and 0.6 ± 0.16 accompanied by moderate angiogenesis and fibrosis. There was a significant difference of collagen scoring, PMN cells number, fibrosis and angiogenesis among the treatment groups (p<0.05). P1 treatment group has significant different with treatment groups P0 and P2 (p<0.05), but there is no significant difference between treatment groups P0 and P2 (p>0.05). From the results, it can be concluded that the topical application of ellagic acid ointment was proved to provide healing process on incision wound. Topical administration of ellagic acid ointment for 14 days was able to improve the skin condition and promoted the wound healing

Effect of L-Arginine on the Thickness Iliac Arteries Wall Post Fogarty Balloon Embolectomy Catheter in Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

The effect of the chronic administration of L-arginine on iliac arteries thickness after surgical embolectomy using Fogarty balloon catheter were examined. Sixteen New Zealand White male rabbits underwent unilateral iliac artery surgical embolectomy using Fogarty balloon catheter. Then the animals were divided into two group of control (P0) fed with standard rabbit diet and treatment (P1) standard rabbit diet added with L-arginine in their drinking water 4 for weeks. The iliac arteries were harvested for histological slide preparation with routine method, observed under the microscope attached with Nikon camera and measured using NIS-Element BR application in 8 zones. Data were collected and analyzed by independent T-test. The result of the vessel thickness was significantly decreased on the P1 (234.1± 18.1 µm) than P0 (411.6 ± 191.7 µm). Furthermore, the thickness of intimal was significantly decrease in P1 (140.9± 27.0 µm) compared with P0 (304.3± 215.7 µm). As a result, there was no significant different on the thickness of medial between P1 (93.2± 15.7 µm) and P0 (107.3± 101.5 µm). The results demonstrate that L-arginine decreased iliac artery wall thickness after surgical embolectomy with Fogarty balloon catheter in rabbit

Isolasi dan Identifikasi Cemaran Bakteri Escherichia Coli pada Telur Penyu Lekang (Lepidochelys Olivacea) yang Gagal Menetas Menetas di Sarang Semi Alami Pantai Boom Banyuwangi

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri Escherichia coli dalam telur yang gagal menetas dari penyu Lekang (Lepidoehelys olivacea) di sarang semi-alami, pantai Boom, Banyuwangi. Bakteri diisolasi dari 12 kuning telur penyu yang gagal menetas dan dari induk penyu yang berbeda. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik sampel random berstrata. Kontaminasi E. coli dideteksi dengan menggunakan uji pendugaan, uji konfirmasi, dan uji biokimia IMVIC, berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia 01-2332.1-2015 tentang cara uji mikrobiologi-bagian 1: Penentuan coliform dan E. coli pada produk perikanan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 3 sampel atau 25% dari total sampel terkontaminasi E. coli, yaitu sampel B1, B3, dan C3. Berdasarkan Most Probability Number (MPN) Jumlah E. coli pada masing masing sampel adalah sampel B1 sejumlah 3 MPN/g, B3 sejumlah 7,2 MPN/g dan C3 sejumlah 9,2 MPN/g. E. coli bukan bakteri utama yang menyebabkan kegagalan penetasan telur penyu di sarang semi-alami, pantai Boom, Banyuwangi. Namun pada pengujian sampel ditemukan bakteri golongan koliform fekal pada sebagian besar sampel yaitu 8 sampel atau 66,67%, koliform non fekal sebanyak 1 sampel atau 8,33% dan non koliform sebanyak 3 sampel atau 25% dari total 12 sampel. Sumber kontaminasi E. coli diduga berasal dari induk penyu, lingkungan sarang semi-alami, dan pekerja Banyuwangi Sea Turtle Foundation

The Effect of Blue Green Algae (Spirulina Platensis) Extract in White Rat (RattusNorvegicus) Treated with Excessive Physical Exercise on Leydig Cell Number and Seminiferous Tubules Diameter

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spirulina platensis extract on the amount of Leydig cells, amount of necrotic Leydig cells, and diameter of seminiferous tubules of rats treated with excessive physical exercise. The excessive physical exercise was done through 60 minutes of swimming for 35 days. Twenty white male rats were randomly divided into five groups i.e C-, control group, C+, a group was only receive swimming, T1, T2, and T3 was received 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg BW of Spirulina platensis and swimming. Spirulina platensis extract was given orally once a day before swimming. ANOVA followed by Duncan analysis showed significant differences among treatments. Excessive physical exercise influenced on male reproduction system through decreasing the amount of Leydig cells. The conclusion was a dose of 1200 mg/kg BW of Spirulina platensis extract could maintain the amount of Leydig cells, protected the Leydig cells from becoming necrotic, and increased the diameter of seminiferous tubules