Karakteristik Remaja Hamil Umur 10-21 Tahun Di Indonesia (Characteristics of Pregnant Adolescents Aged 10-21 Years in Indonesia)

Introduction: Adolescence is a time of rapid growth (growth spurt). Pregnancy is a vulnerable condition, meaning that the health status of mothers during pregnancy determines the outcome of pregnancy. At this age young people still need the nutrients to grow but must bear the burden of pregnancy. Objectives: to know the characteristics of adolescent Indonesian pregnant women. Methods: The data presented are the result of analysis of secondary data Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2010. The data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 17.0. Results: Most of subject come from marginal socio-economics status (below elementary school, unskill labour, living in rural area, low income expenditure). Also, most of subject consumed macro-micro nutrient below Indonesian Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Forty percent young (19-21 years) pregnant women pregnancy at risk. Conclusion: Most adolescent pregnant women live in an environment unfavorable to the growth of the fetus. Recommendation: Adolescent pregnancy should be prevented through improved socio-economic status, and most importantly the increase is in education and counseling adolescent the risk of adolescent pregnancy. [Penel Gizi Makan 2010, 33(2): 110-116

Pengembangan Media Poster sebagai Alat Bantu Edukasi Gizi pada Remaja Terkait Keluarga Sadar Gizi (Kadarzi) (Poster Media Development AS Nutrition Education Tool For Adolescents Related On Family Nutritional Awareness)

Study on family nutritional awareness (Kadarzi) of phase I showed that the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of nutrition in the community were still low. Study on Kadarzi of phase II focused on the development of nutrition education materials. This study was to develop media and nutrition education strategies in order to achieve Kadarzi. The study design was cross-sectional, with qualitative methods. The study was conducted in three provinces: West Java, West Sumatra and East Kalimantan. Samples consisted of two groups, namely sample for media feasibility test (n=98) and sample for implementation of educational test (n=296). Educational channel used was formal education. Type of educational media developed was posters. This study had developed 5 posters with the materials: 1) fruits and vegetables, 2) breakfast, 3) ) weighing to adolescents 13-15 years old (SMP), 4) weighing to adolescents 16-18 years old (SMA) and 5) adolescent anemia. The result showed there was an increase on nutrition knowledge as much as 78,25 percents, after being given nutrition education and a desire to assess an adolescents own nutritional status by weighing and measuring her height. Media nutrition education which was developed was quite simple and easy to understand. The channel education selected was quite effective to improve nutrition knowledge

Kontribusi Golongan Bahan Makanan Terhadap Konsumsi Energi Dan Protein Rumahtangga Diindonesia

Background: Some of the nutrition problems in Indonesia often as consequence of daily food consumption has not balanced, there is contribution more from cerealia than animal especially in poor families. Objectives: The aimed of this analysis is to studies the contribution of food group to household energy and protein consumption in Indonesia. Methods: Food consumption data of 173471 households sample of Health Research Data Base 2007 were calculated by Nutrisoft program developed by Research and Development Centre of Food and Nutrition. Food-stuff is categories to 8 group of food-stuff that is: Grains, Corms, Animal, Oil/Fat, Beans, Sugar, Fruit/fatty seeds and fruits and vegetables. Each group of food-stuff is calculated for the contribution to household consumption of energy and protein. Data were analyzed by descriptively. Results: At national level, the grains contributed of highest energy (67.2%) from household energy consumption, except in Papua, where contribution of grain equal to contribution of corms that is each 40%. The grains also gives highest contribution that is 44.7% from household protein consumption. In urban, the contribution of grain is 63.2% from household energy consumption while in rural is 68.6 %. In Urban, contribution of grain is 40% of household protein consumption, while in rural is 46.0%. Conclusions: The grains has the highest contribution for household energy and protein consumption. The protein from animal is only 38.7% and beans is 4.25%

Faktor Risiko Kegemukan Pada Anak Sekolah Usia 6-18 Tahun Di DKI Jakarta

Background: The result of nutritional status surveys on school age children in 10 big cities in Indonesia in 2005 showed that the prevalence of obesity in school age children in DKI Jakarta was the highest with percentage of 6 % compared to other big cities that only under 3%. Further analysis was conducted to examine the risk factor related to obesity in school age children in DKI Jakarta. Objectives: Data analysis was done to study the risk factor related to obesity in school age children in Jakarta.Material and Methods: Experimental design was cross sectional. Samples were primary school, junior high school and senior high school students age 6 – 18 years old in five regions of DKI Jakarta. The number of total samples was 7195 students. Data collected were anthropometry, social-economy, food consumption pattern, physical activities, and life style. Nutrition Status was determined by calculating Body Mass Index (BMI) using CDC 2000 reference. Results: The prevalence of overweight student in DKI Jakarta was 6%. The prevalence of malnutrition and severe malnutrition students were 11,2% and 1,2% respectively. The group of student ≤9 years old had the highest prevalence of obesity and severe malnutrition. The prevalence was more in male students than female. The education level of parents, often consumes an oily snacks, like to buy a deep fry snacks, oily snacks, often consume supplement, and rarely do household work have strong relation with obesity (p<0,05). Conclusion: Male students age ≤9 year old have higher risk of obesity and malnutrition than female students. The education level of parents, often consumes an oily snacks, like to buy a deep fry snacks, oily snacks, often consume supplement, and rarely do physical work are risk factors of obesity in school age children. [Penel Gizi Makan 2007, 30(1): 31-39

Efek Program Pemberian "Taburia" Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Balita Pada Keluarga Miskin Di Jakarta Utara

Effect of "Taburia" Intervention Program on Hemoglobin Concentration Among Children Under-Five Years of Poor Families In North Jakarta.Background: Anemia is one of the main nutritional problems in Indonesia. Anemia in children under fives years will have an impact on growth and mental development. In an effort to improve the nutritional status of infants, especially in poor families, the Japan Funds for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) in collaboration with the Center for Nutrition and Food, Ministry of Health, Bogor, making multi-vitamin ingredients and micro nutrients called as TABURIA.Objectives: To study the influence of hemoglobin levels on child under fives years of poor families.Methods: Design of the study was Evaluation Before and After Treatment (Pre-Post Evaluation). This research was conducted in 9 urban villages in 3 Public health centers in North Jakarta City. The numbers of samples were 540 children aged 6-59 months from poor families. Tabuaria was distributed by a cadre posyandu to all children under fives years (5000 children) in the research area. The data analyzed included: hemoglobin levels, economic social family, compliance and child morbidity. Data were analyzed by descriptive to determine changes in status of anemia and haemoglobin levels before and after intervention.Results: Most of children under fives years (87.8%) to receive and consume Taburia. The average Hb levels increased from 10.5 mg/dl in baseline data to 12.0 mg/dl at endline evaluation. The proportion of anemia (Hb <11 mg/dl) decreased significantly from 62.3% (baseline) to 24.7%(endline-evaluation).Conclusion: Taburia be accepted by the majority of children under fives and can increase hemoglobin levels of children under fives.Recommendation: Taburia can increase the hemoglobin levels of children under fives years, but if would be implemented as national program, it should be study in others regions (pilot areas) to explore the appropriateness Taburia distribution model in different conditions