Grammatische Kategorie des “Genus Verbi” im Deutschen und Albanischen

„Die grammatische Kategorie des Genus Verbi ist in allen europäischenSprachen, und nicht nur, vorhanden. Es ist ein grammtisch-lexikalisches Mittel um bestimmte Handlungen, Zustände oder Ereignisse aus einer anderen Perspektive des Sprechers darzustellen, ohne dabei den Inhalt der Aussage zu ändern. Und damit ist es natürlich ein wesentliches Ausdrucksmittel in der Sprache. Das Deutsche und Albanische verfügen ebenfalls diese grammatische Kategorie, jede Sprache in der entsprechenden Form und mit den entsprechenden Besonderheiten bzw. Gemeinsamkeiten. In unserem Artikel haben wir versucht, diese Grammatische Kategorie in beiden diesen Sprachen zu analysieren. Durch diese Analyse werden die Unterschiede, aber auch die Gemeinsamkeiten, hervorgehoben. Die Analyse dieser grammatischen Kategorie erfolgt in morphologischer, syntaktischer, wie auch in semantischer Hinsicht. Diese Darstellung dient als eine gute Grundlage für das Verständnis dieser Kategorie in beiden Sprachen und sicherlich für weitere nähere wissenschaftliche Forschungen.Schlüsselwörter: genus verbi, Aktiv, Passiv, medial, grammatische Kategorie, transitiv, intransitiv, Handlungsträger, Diathese, Sobjekt, Objekt

A Dramatic Text is a Fully Rounded Unit Only when it is Performed, Since it is Only in the Performance that its Full Potential is Realized

The study focuses on different approaches to the study of drama put forward by different semioticians. It also demonstrates how all theater semioticians' agreement that the dramatic text (written text) is radically conditioned by its performability (miseen scène) has had a great impact upon translation studies and has led some theoreticians of translation studies to reexamine their position towards translating theater texts. It dwells upon the interface of two theoretical frameworks—the Semiotics of Theater and Theater Translation—as well as on the theoretical polarization between the notions of performability and readability in Theater Translation since the mid-1980s. A dramatic text is a fully rounded unit only when it is performed, since it is only in the performance that its full potential is realized. Real translation takes place on the level of the ‘miseen scène as a whole’ according to Patrice Pavis(1989, 41; author's emphasis)in his article "Problems of Translation for the Stage: Intercultural and Post-Modern Theatre,". The second part of the paper presents how Susan Bassnett and Patrice Pavis, a translation theoretician and a theater semiotician, respectively, have polarized the theory of theater translation into the notions of performability (or playability) and readability since the mid-1980s. In conclusion, the research endeavors to explicate the current theoretical polarization between performability and readability and suggests that this polarization is merely a reductionist illusion.Keywords: Performability/miseen scène, qualitative data, Intercultural and Post-Modern Theatre, interface of two theoretical frameworks, theoretical polarization

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PASSIVE VOICE IN GERMAN AND ALBANIAN

This article presents various aspects of the historical development of the passive voice in German and Albanian. The passive voice is a grammatical category, which is an important part of grammar in both languages. The passive voice helps the speaker to express himself skillfully or confidential. In order to better understand today's passive structures, it is helpful to gain insight into the historical development of such structures. In German, this representation begins since Gothic and then with Old High German and Middle High German. In Albanian, on the other hand, we can only rely on the book of Buzuku (1555), which constitutes the first written official document of written Albanian. Corresponding examples illustrate the stages of development of the passive voice in both languages. They have been translated into today's German or Albanian to make it easier for the reader to understand the content. The summary for each stage of development of the languages is given at the end of each presentation. Keywords: passive voice; development; historical; verbs; tense; passive sentences; transformation