High-Fat Diets Modify the Proteolytic Activities of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV and the Regulatory Enzymes of the Renin–Angiotensin System in Cardiovascular Tissues of Adult Wistar Rats

(1) Background: The replacement of diets high in saturated fat (SAFA) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is associated with better cardiovascular function and is related to the modulation of the activity of the local renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and the collagenase activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). The objective of the work was to verify the capacity of different types of dietary fat on the regulatory activities of RAS and DPP-IV. (2) Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed for 24 weeks with three different diets: the standard diet (S), the standard diet supplemented with virgin olive oil (20%) (VOO), or with butter (20%) plus cholesterol (0.1%) (Bch). The proteolytic activities were determined by fluorometric methods in the soluble (sol) and membrane-bound (mb) fractions of the left ventricle and atrium, aorta, and plasma samples. (3) Results: With the VOO diet, angiotensinase values were significantly lower than with the Bch diet in the aorta (GluAP and ArgAP (mb)), ventricle (ArgAP (mb)) and atrium (CysAP (sol)). Significant decreases in DPP-IV (mb) activity occurred with the Bch diet in the atrium and aorta. The VOO diet significantly reduced the activity of the cardiac damage marker LeuAP (mb) in the ventricle and aorta, except for LeuAP (sol) in the ventricle, which was reduced with the Bch diet. (4) Conclusions: The introduction into the diet of a source rich in MUFA would have a beneficial cardiovascular effect on RAS homeostasis and cardiovascular functional stability.ACCIÓN 1 PAIUJA 2019 2020: BIO221

Correlational Study of Aminopeptidase Activities between Left or Right Frontal Cortex versus the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Adrenal Axis of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Treated with Hypotensive or Hypertensive Agents

Supplementary Materials: The supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi. com/article/10.3390/ijms242116007/s1It has been suggested that the neuro-visceral integration works asymmetrically and that this asymmetry is dynamic and modifiable by physio-pathological influences. Aminopeptidases of the renin–angiotensin system (angiotensinases) have been shown to be modifiable under such conditions. This article analyzes the interactions of these angiotensinases between the left or right frontal cortex (FC) and the same enzymes in the hypothalamus (HT), pituitary (PT), adrenal (AD) axis (HPA) in control spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), in SHR treated with a hypotensive agent in the form of captopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor), and in SHR treated with a hypertensive agent in the form of the L-Arginine hypertensive analogue L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME). In the control SHR, there were significant negative correlations between the right FC with HPA and positive correlations between the left FC and HPA. In the captopril group, the predominance of negative correlations between the right FC and HPA and positive correlations between the HPA and left FC was maintained. In the L-NAME group, a radical change in all types of interactions was observed; particularly, there was an inversion in the predominance of negative correlations between the HPA and left FC. These results indicated a better balance of neuro-visceral interactions after captopril treatment and an increase in these interactions in the hypertensive animals, especially in those treated with L-NAME.Ministry of Science and Innovation SAF 2008 04685 C02 0

Study of the influence on the stress and the environmental impact of the type of knots in Warren trusses

The benefits of using steel structures for large span facilities, its lightness compared to other structural materials, their machining and ease of assembly and the possibility of recycling. Despite the above advantages, has the disadvantages, being a nonrenewable natural resource, require high energy consumption for production, generate significant CO2 emissions as well as large quantities of waste, both gaseous and solid. Considering that in 2010 crude steel production in the European Union in electric arc furnaces and oxygen steel furnaces totaled 172.9 million tons, the slag generated in the European Union amount to 9,34Mt of slag produced only in electric arc furnaces and 8.37 Mt year in ladle furnaces, which are deposited in landfills that generate serious environmental damage, which is essential to the study of proposals to make more sustainable and less environmentally damaging buildings and design to execution. Considering these aspects, the study aims to study the influence of tensions and energy consumption in Warren type trusses, when they are subjected to different load values and with differente types of knots, in order to optimize the amount of material and energy consumption

Influence of the factors involved in the evaluation of technical subjects

The new Higher Education Area has changed the way of understanding teaching. The study of factors influencing the teaching-learning process is necessary to improve student learning. Another important aspect is the assessment process. Studies related to evaluation show that, with the use of objective evaluation instruments and the involvement of students in the evaluation process, it is facilitated the gradual acquisition of competences, both generic and those of the specific field of the project, hence the Importance of acceptance of the evaluation system by the student. Taking into account the previous premises, the objective of this work is to analyze the influence of the different factors that affect the evaluation in the technical subjects and their influence on the students' learning

Study of the influence on the deformation and the economic impact of the type of knots in Warren trusses

The indisputable advantages of steel structures for large spans, makes the use of trusses is commonly used as structural good results using less material than other structural materials and less weight. The study aims to study the influence on the deformation produced in Warren type trusses, when they are subjected to different load values and with different types of knots, in order to optimize the amount of material used in structures

Physiological effects in a microgravity environment: Event Horizon (1997)

Event Horizon (1997) is an excellent learning resource that helps explain the environmental conditions of hypobarism, microgravity, and accelerations produced during long-term space travel. During the film, different situations that represent these stressful environmental conditions are exposed, as well as the compensatory physiological methods that we have for a correct adaptation and projects that are currently being carried out to avoid alterations in vital functions on long-term trips. In the same way, the alterations and injuries that occur in the absence of acclimatization to space are also described, with death as the last answer.Horizonte Final (1997) es un excelente recurso de aprendizaje que ayuda a explicar las condiciones ambientales de hipobarismo, microgravedad y aceleraciones producidas durante una viaje espacial de larga duración. Durante el film se exponen diferentes situaciones que representan esas condiones ambientales estresantes, así como los métodos fisiológicos compensatorios del que disponemos para una correcta adaptación y proyectos que actualmente se llevan a cabo para evitar alteraciones en las funciones vitales en viajes de larga duración. De la misma manera, también se describe las alteraciones y lesiones que ocurren ante una inexistente aclimatación al espacio, con la muerte como última respuesta

The Conformational Stability and Biophysical Properties of the Eukaryotic Thioredoxins of Pisum Sativum Are Not Family-Conserved

Thioredoxins (TRXs) are ubiquitous proteins involved in redox processes. About forty genes encode TRX or TRX-related proteins in plants, grouped in different families according to their subcellular localization. For instance, the h-type TRXs are located in cytoplasm or mitochondria, whereas f-type TRXs have a plastidial origin, although both types of proteins have an eukaryotic origin as opposed to other TRXs. Herein, we study the conformational and the biophysical features of TRXh1, TRXh2 and TRXf from Pisum sativum. The modelled structures of the three proteins show the well-known TRX fold. While sharing similar pH-denaturations features, the chemical and thermal stabilities are different, being PsTRXh1 (Pisum sativum thioredoxin h1) the most stable isoform; moreover, the three proteins follow a three-state denaturation model, during the chemical-denaturations. These differences in the thermal- and chemical-denaturations result from changes, in a broad sense, of the several ASAs (accessible surface areas) of the proteins. Thus, although a strong relationship can be found between the primary amino acid sequence and the structure among TRXs, that between the residue sequence and the conformational stability and biophysical properties is not. We discuss how these differences in the biophysical properties of TRXs determine their unique functions in pea, and we show how residues involved in the biophysical features described (pH-titrations, dimerizations and chemical-denaturations) belong to regions involved in interaction with other proteins. Our results suggest that the sequence demands of protein-protein function are relatively rigid, with different protein-binding pockets (some in common) for each of the three proteins, but the demands of structure and conformational stability per se (as long as there is a maintained core), are less so

Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Aminopeptidases as Prognostic Biomarkers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral cortex. Biomarkers for ALS are essential for disease detection and to provide information on potential therapeutic targets. Aminopeptidases catalyze the cleavage of amino acids from the amino terminus of protein or substrates such as neuropeptides. Since certain aminopeptidases are known to increase the risk of neurodegeneration, such mechanisms may reveal new targets to determine their association with ALS risk and their interest as a diagnostic biomarker. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to identify reported aminopeptidases genetic loci associated with the risk of ALS. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, LILACS, and Cochrane databases were searched to retrieve eligible studies in English or Spanish, published up to 27 January 2023. A total of 16 studies were included in this systematic review, where a series of aminopeptidases could be related to ALS and could be promising biomarkers (DPP1, DPP2, DPP4, LeuAP, pGluAP, and PSA/NPEPPS). The literature reported the association of singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs10260404 and rs17174381) with the risk of ALS. The genetic variation rs10260404 in the DPP6 gene was identified to be highly associated with ALS susceptibility, but meta-analyses of genotypes in five studies in a matched cohort of different ancestry (1873 cases and 1861 control subjects) showed no ALS risk association. Meta-analyses of eight studies for minor allele frequency (MAF) also found no ALS association for the “C” allele. The systematic review identified aminopeptidases as possible biomarkers. However, the meta-analyses for rs1060404 of DPP6 do not show a risk associated with ALS.PPJIA2022.09, “Plan Propio de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Granada2022: Programa 20Proyectos de Investigación Precompetitivos para Jóvenes Investigadores. Modalidad 20.aProyectos para jóvenes doctores” corresponding to the year 2022 with reference no. 11 (File no. 1586950)University of Granada (Spain). Accepted: 23 December 202

Patrimonio académico como herramienta para el desarrollo de futuras carreras científicas

Desde hace tiempo la Unión Europea busca y fomenta la cooperación entre la Universidad y los Institutos de Educación Secundaria para el desarrollo de futuras carreras científicas. Después de varios proyectos de investigación competitivos desarrollados por separado, hemos encontrado importantes confluencias entre el patrimonio custodiado por la Universidad Complutense y el IES San Isidro; ambas instituciones cuentan con una larga historia y atesoran un patrimonio científico, artístico y educativo de gran interés que es necesario conectar y poner en valor. La universidad ha desarrollado varios programas de cooperación en varios niveles y muchas de ellos planteaban mostrar y experimentar con el fin de descubrir, propuesta en la que queremos ahondar y avanzar a través del patrimonio educativo