50,418 research outputs found
Comparison between the lattice dynamics and molecular dynamics methods: Calculation results for MgSiO3 perovskite
The lattice dynamics (LD) and molecular dynamics (MD) methods have been used to calculate the structure, bulk modulus, and volume thermal expansivity of MgSiO3 perovskite, in order to investigate the reliability of the two simulation techniques over a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions. At an intermediate temperature of 500 K and zero pressure, the LD and MD values are in exellent agreement for both the structure and bulk modulus of MgSiO3 perovskite. At high temperatures and zero pressure, however, the LD method, which is based on the quasi-harmonic approximation, increasingly overestimates the molar volume of MgSiO3 perovskite because of the neglect of higher-order anharmonic terms. At the high temperatures and high pressures prevailing in the lower mantle, the errors in the LD values for both the molar volume and bulk modulus, relative to the MD values, are generally small or negligible. However, since anharmonicity decreases substantially with pressure but increases rapidly with temperature, the error in the LD simulated volume thermal expansivity is serious, especially in the lower pressure region
Transit Light Curves with Finite Integration Time: Fisher Information Analysis
Kepler has revolutionized the study of transiting planets with its
unprecedented photometric precision on more than 150,000 target stars. Most of
the transiting planet candidates detected by Kepler have been observed as
long-cadence targets with 30 minute integration times, and the upcoming
Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will record full frame images with
a similar integration time. Integrations of 30 minutes affect the transit
shape, particularly for small planets and in cases of low signal-to-noise.
Using the Fisher information matrix technique, we derive analytic
approximations for the variances and covariances on the transit parameters
obtained from fitting light curve photometry collected with a finite
integration time. We find that binning the light curve can significantly
increase the uncertainties and covariances on the inferred parameters when
comparing scenarios with constant total signal-to-noise (constant total
integration time in the absence of read noise). Uncertainties on the transit
ingress/egress time increase by a factor of 34 for Earth-size planets and 3.4
for Jupiter-size planets around Sun-like stars for integration times of 30
minutes compared to instantaneously-sampled light curves. Similarly,
uncertainties on the mid-transit time for Earth and Jupiter-size planets
increase by factors of 3.9 and 1.4. Uncertainties on the transit depth are
largely unaffected by finite integration times. While correlations among the
transit depth, ingress duration, and transit duration all increase in magnitude
with longer integration times, the mid-transit time remains uncorrelated with
the other parameters. We provide code in Python and Mathematica for predicting
the variances and covariances at www.its.caltech.edu/~eprice
Spiritual care: can student nurses learning contribute to leading person-centred practice?
Spiritual care is recognised as a neglected aspect of nurse education (Baldacchino 2011). I undertook a phenomenological study, using semi-structured interviews, to explore the experiences of student nurses learning about spiritual care. Ten student nurses agreed to take part.
I analysed the data using Van Manenâs (2014) existential themes to examine the phenomena â exploring lived body, lived relations, space, time, lived things and technology. The studentsâ individual context was diverse with some expressing Christian beliefs whilst others were agonist; however, all felt spiritual care was important within nursing practice. They gave examples where dealing with person centred approach to spiritual care was challenging and they reflected on their learning and contribution to holistic practice.
Six key areas of learning about spiritual care were identified:
⢠Connecting through recognition of spiritual individuality
⢠Embodiment of spiritual care
⢠Spaces of spiritual learning
⢠Time dimension as a spiritual factor
⢠Materiality as a challenge
⢠Technology as âtaken for grantedâ aspect of spiritual care
The students were fearful about saying the wrong thing but their comments showed that asking the patient and meeting their individual needs, was important to provide spiritual care. They also demonstrated their contribution to leading care by recognising spiritual distress and providing spiritual care; sometimes this involved challenging other staff or offering solutions to spiritual problems.
I wonder whether spiritual intelligence may be important process in learning about spiritual care to enable students to be aware of issues and to develop their leadership in this area. Spiritual intelligence is poorly defined (Esmaili et al 2014) but includes self-awareness, human presence dimension and personal meaning (Kaur et al 2015) aspects, which were reflected within my findings. Therefore, I will explore whether developing student nurses spiritual intelligence within education may be one way they can learn to be leaders of person centred practice
Spiritual intelligence as a method to improve spiritual care in nursing students
Spiritual care poorly addressed within nurse education (Cone & Giske 2018) but is important for person-centred practice (McCance & McCormack 2017). This study used a phenomenological approach (Van Manen 2014) to explore the experiences of nursing students that transformed their understanding of spiritual care. Ten students were interviewed and analysis used portraiture to paint a picture of each participant (Lawrence-Lightfoot 1997). Interpretation used phenomenological existential themes.
Results highlighted that students needed components of spiritual intelligence to develop understanding of spiritual care and develop the virtues needed to achieve this. A Spiritual Intelligence in Nurse Education framework is proposed.
Background 200 words (1400 characters) international relevance Student nurses find the topic of spiritual care challenging and they feel unprepared to deal with issues (Cone & Giske 2018). The societal context of religious affiliation is changing across the globe and some countries are becoming more secular. Secularisation has led to religious belief being privatised (Paley 2009), meaning that faith beliefs are discouraged in public life (Neagoe 2013). A more secular approach to nursing is evident in the United Kingdom as the Nursing and Midwifery Council Code (NMC 2015) actively discourages expression of personal beliefs. However, person-centred care is promoted (McCance & McCormack 2017) including spiritual care. This can lead to challenges for nurse educators about addressing spiritual care in an effective and sensitive manner. A meta-narrative literature review was undertaken to outline current knowledge of the topic area when commencing this research study. This produced papers from an international context and four key themes were developed: integrating spiritual care into the curriculum, self-awareness around spiritual issues, spiritual care as part of holistic care, and competency in spiritual care.
Aims (200 words) The aim of this research study was to Explore undergraduate nursing studentsâ lived experiences that develop their understanding of spiritual care. The study focused on a number of areas including how students described terms such as spirituality and religiosity, experiences that had informed their understanding of spiritual care and factors that had helped or hindered their learning.
Research methodology, methods, analysis, ethics (200 words)
An interpretative phenomenological approach, based on Van Manenâs work (2014) has been utilised for this study. This methodology was chosen to explore experiences and Van Manen (2014) has a pragmatic focus to provide insights that are useful in a variety of nurse educational contexts. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview strategy which were recorded and transcribed. Ethical approval was agreed through Canterbury Christ Church University Ethics Committee Reference 16/FHW/16 003. Data was collected between September 2016 and May 2017; all university confidentiality procedures were adhered too.
Analysis involved descriptive and interpretative phases. The conversations were described using portraiture (Lawrence-Lightfoot 1997) and interpreted using lifeworld phenomenological existential themes (Van Manan 2014) of lived body (corporality), lived time (temporality), lived space (spatiality), lived relations (relationality), materiality (lived things) and Technology (lived cyborg relations). Data from participants, literature and theory was used to produce a creative writing of the phenomenological insights to offer a different perspective into the topic area explored.
Key findings, recommendations (200 words)
A purposeful sample of ten undergraduate nursing students took part in the study. The findings showed that there were significant similarities with current literature as presented in the meta-narrative literature review. New insights from this study was the need to develop student nursesâ spiritual intelligence as a way to combine the cognitive, emotional and spiritual aspects (Zohar & Marshall 2000) when providing spiritual care. This included using a variety of teaching and learning strategies that enable student nurses to construct learning and deal with the complexity of spiritual care.
A Spiritual Intelligence in Nurse Education Framework is proposed and discussed as a method to educate student nurses about the topic. The framework includes elements of meaning & purpose, transcendence, goals & decision making, and character, which builds on Emmons (1999) work, as key in developing understanding about spiritual care. Spiritual intelligence is poorly addressed in nursing literature with limited evidence available; such as Karimi-Moonaghi (2015) looking at clinical competency of nurses in Iran and Kaur et al (2015) relating spiritual intelligence to caring behaviours. This study suggests that spiritual intelligence may build the student nursesâ personal and professional values so may have implications for character and virtue development.
Key points for knowledge development of selected theme (humanising education) (100 words)
This paper discusses a spiritual intelligence in nurse education framework as a way to enhance personal and professional character to provide person centred care. Spiritual intelligence may be used to develop character virtues, such as courage, that are important in nursing practice.
This spiritual intelligence in nursing education framework could be used as a scaffold to ensure a variety of teaching and learning strategies are used to enhance the attributes of nursing character and enable effective spiritual care delivery
Using phenomenology to explore student nurses experiences of spiritual care
Background
Spiritual care is viewed as integral to holistic nursing practice but studies suggest that most nurses feel unprepared to deal with spiritual needs (Cooper et al 2013). Initial findings of this phenomenological study, where student nurses discuss their experiences of spiritual care, will be outlined in this presentation including exemplars that are relevant to critical care practice.
Aim
The presentation will discuss phenomenology as a methodological approach and initial findings around student nurses experiences that have transformed their understanding of spiritual care.
Methodology
Phenomenology (Van Manen 2014) was chosen for this study as it draws of the lived experience of participants to develop an understanding of the phenomena being explored. This approach fits with the research aim to understand aspects that transform students understanding of spiritual care. Students volunteered to participate in the study and were interviewed using a semi structured schedule to allow exploration of their experiences. Ethical approval was gained before starting data collection.
Analysis
The use of interpretative analysis will be discussed considering the benefits and limitations when used in phenomenological research (Todres & Holloway 2010). Exemplars from the study will be used to identify key issues around learning about spiritual care. Potential implications for critical care practice will be outlined.
Results
Phenomenological methods produced some rich descriptions exploring spiritual care. Currently, students are talking about practice based experiences as the main medium that changes their understanding of spiritual care. Students are influenced by good staff role models and individualised patient care. The trustworthiness of phenomenology as an approach will be discussed.
Summary
This presentation should enable delegates to consider the use of phenomenology as a research approach, particularly related to spiritual care practices.
References
Cooper, K.L.; Chang, E.; Sheehan, A.; Johnson, A. (2013) âThe impact of spiritual care education upon preparing undergraduate nursing students to provide spiritual careâ. Nurse Education Today. 33. 1057-1061
Todres, L. & Holloway, I. (2010) âPhenomenological Researchâ. In: Gerrish, K. & Lacey, A. (Eds) The Research Process in Nursing. 6th edition. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. pp 177-187
Van Manen, M. (2014) Phenomenology of Practice. USA: Left Coast Press
Psychological impact of identifying character strengths in people with psychosis
A one group pre-post test design investigated the impact of identifying character strengths using the Values In Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) with individuals with early psychosis (N = 29). Post-test improvements in positive affect and cognitive performance were observed. Neither self-esteem nor self-efficacy improved. The technique appears feasible for use within early intervention services. Adverse consequences should be monitored and additional components considered to enhance benefits
On the detection of nearly optimal solutions in the context of single-objective space mission design problems
When making decisions, having multiple options available for a possible realization of the same project can be advantageous. One way to increase the number of interesting choices is to consider, in addition to the optimal solution x*, also nearly optimal or approximate solutions; these alternative solutions differ from x* and can be in different regions â in the design space â but fulfil certain proximity to its function value f(x*). The scope of this article is the efficient computation and discretization of the set E of eâapproximate solutions for scalar optimization problems. To accomplish this task, two strategies to archive and update the data of the search procedure will be suggested and investigated. To make emphasis on data storage efficiency, a way to manage significant and insignificant parameters is also presented. Further on, differential evolution will be used together with the new archivers for the computation of E. Finally, the behaviour of the archiver, as well as the efficiency of the resulting search procedure, will be demonstrated on some academic functions as well as on three models related to space mission design
- âŚ