Australian chiropractic sports medicine: half way there or living on a prayer?

Sports chiropractic within Australia has a chequered historical background of unorthodox individualistic displays of egocentric treatment approaches that emphasise specific technique preference and individual prowess rather than standardised evidence based management. This situation has changed in recent years with the acceptance of many within sports chiropractic to operate under an evidence informed banner and to embrace a research culture. Despite recent developments within the sports chiropractic movement, the profession is still plagued by a minority of practitioners continuing to espouse certain marginal and outlandish technique systems that beleaguer the mainstream core of sports chiropractic as a cohesive and homogeneous group. Modern chiropractic management is frequently multimodal in nature and incorporates components of passive and active care. Such management typically incorporates spinal and peripheral manipulation, mobilisation, soft tissue techniques, rehabilitation and therapeutic exercises. Externally, sports chiropractic has faced hurdles too, with a lack of recognition and acceptance by organized and orthodox sports medical groups. Whilst some arguments against the inclusion of chiropractic may be legitimate due to its historical baggage, much of the argument appears to be anti-competitive, insecure and driven by a closed-shop mentality.sequently, chiropractic as a profession still remains a pariah to the organised sports medicine world. Add to this an uncertain continuing education system, a lack of protection for the title 'sports chiropractor', a lack of a recognized specialist status and a lack of support from traditional chiropractic, the challenges for the growth and acceptance of the sports chiropractor are considerable. This article outlines the historical and current challenges, both internal and external, faced by sports chiropractic within Australia and proposes positive changes that will assist in recognition and inclusion of sports chiropractic in both chiropractic and multi-disciplinary sports medicine alike

Geodesy, tectonics and geodynamics of Dinnarides

This paper summarises recent aetivities on merging the geodetic, geologic and neotectonic evidence of geodynamics in Croatian part of Dinnarides. The area of the City of Zagreb, which is the boundary zone of Eastern Alps, Dinnarides and Pannonian Basin is incIuded as well. It is shown here that the evidence for fractures of Eastern Adriatic differs from the previous hypotheses. This concIusion is derived from the results of various geodetic measurements: satellite positioning (GPS), astro-geodetic measurements of detlections of the vertical. These results are combined with geologic measurements and results of seismic activity studies in order to give more detailed and more accurate picture of the current situation in the tectonically very active region of Dinnarides. Several GPS-campaigns performed in the City of Zagreb area are examined as well. Due to the proximity of Croatian capitol, special attention has been paid to the effects of possible hazard on construction code

Five years of EUREF-permanent GPS-stations in Croatia

In October 2000, the Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, with the support o German Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG) and Croatian State Geodetic Administration, established two permanent GPS-stations: one in Dubrovnik and another one in Osijek. The stations became the part of large global network International GPS Service for Geodynamics (IGS), ie. the part of EUREF/Permanent project. This paper describes the background for the choice of locations, stabilization and precise measurements of local GPS-networks that connected the stations with EUREF/CROREF points nearby. The problems in the maintenance of the stations have been described as welI. A view on the perspective of permanent GPS-services in Croatia is given, too

Two-frequencies bathymetry of Plitvice Lakes

Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, recently acquired the latest technology for performing the precise hydrographic surveying. The equipment consists of ATLAS DESO 14 surveying echosounder with two transducers: one with high frequency (210 kHz) and second with low frequency (33 kHz). The position of the transducer is determined with Real Time Kinematics GPS pair of Trimble R8 receivers. Thus, it is possible to use single-frequency DESO 14 for two-frequencies bathymetry through repeating the course of the vessel on exactly the same points with both transducers. The results of the application of this method in measuring two lakes in the National Park Plitvice Lakes are shown in this paper

Final Report on research activities within the project CERGOP2/Environment in Croatia

Researchers from the Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, organized and performed various research activities within the project CERGOP2/Environment. The participation in both CEGRN campaigns was ensured with two epoch stations: Brusnik and Hvar. Activities related to the working package 10.4: International geodynamic test area Plitvice Lakes included several hydrographic measurements with the combination of GPS positioning and echosounder bathymetry. Repeated measurements with two frequencies yielded new insight about the sediments on the lake bottom. A structural map of the Lakes has been prepared, too. Geodynamic measurements has been performed on several special points. The foundation for future permanent station in the area of the Plitvice Lakes has been prepared