459 research outputs found
Beyond Romanization: An Indigenous Study of Cultural Change in Classical Britain
The Roman Empire is among the best-known empires in the world, renowned for unifying vastly different peoples and lands. The process of these unifications was, at times, something resembling peaceful, but was at other times much more violent. Regardless of the method of acquisition, peoples brought into the Roman Empire always experienced some degree of cultural change. The modern study of this cultural change has most often been examined through the lens of Romanization, a mostly one-way transfer of Roman cultural practices onto the conquered territory and culture. Romanization, however, presents too narrow and too historically imperialist an approach to the cultural changes brought about by Roman influence. Accordingly, using a research framework heavily influenced by Indigenous Studies theory, this study examines the peoples of Late Iron Age Britain prior to the beginning of Roman occupation and after. Using such a framework and a definition of culture that includes both elites and non-elites, the cultural changes catalyzed in Late Iron Age Britain by the introduction of Roman influence can be shown to go beyond the limited focus of Romanization on mere cultural transfer. These cultural changes are explored within different aspects of culture in terms of the cultural loss, resistance, adaptation, and survivance experienced by the Britons at the Roman towns of Venta Icenorum and Aquae Sulis
High-fidelity entanglement swapping with fully independent sources
Entanglement swapping allows to establish entanglement between independent
particles that never interacted nor share any common past. This feature makes
it an integral constituent of quantum repeaters. Here, we demonstrate
entanglement swapping with time-synchronized independent sources with a
fidelity high enough to violate a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality by more
than four standard deviations. The fact that both entangled pairs are created
by fully independent, only electronically connected sources ensures that this
technique is suitable for future long-distance quantum communication
experiments as well as for novel tests on the foundations of quantum physics.Comment: added technical details and extended introduction and conclusion,
slightly modified the abstract, corrected a mistake in the affiliation
Quantum Cournot equilibrium for the Hotelling-Smithies model of product choice
This paper demonstrates the quantization of a spatial Cournot duopoly model
with product choice, a two stage game focusing on non-cooperation in locations
and quantities. With quantization, the players can access a continuous set of
strategies, using continuous variable quantum mechanical approach. The presence
of quantum entanglement in the initial state identifies a quantity equilibrium
for every location pair choice with any transport cost. Also higher profit is
obtained by the firms at Nash equilibrium. Adoption of quantum strategies
rewards us by the existence of a larger quantum strategic space at equilibrium.Comment: 13 pages, 6 tables, 8 figure
Beginnings of Range Management: Albert F. Potter, First Chief of Grazing, U.S. Forest Service, and Photographic Comparison of his 1902 Forest Reserve Survey in Utah with Conditions 100 Year Later
The period from 1880 to 1900 is regarded as the period of “spoilation” of western rangelands. In Albert Potters own words, “Quick profits and fortunes lead to speculation and incredible numbers of stock were placed upon the range. Cowman was arrayed against sheep man, big owners against small, and might ruled more often than right.” The Government took no action until 1891 when the Creative Act established the Forest Reserve system under the Interior Department’s General Land Office (GLO). Lacking authority and undermined by political appointees, the GLO foundered until the reserves were transferred to the Bureau of Forestry in the Department of Agriculture (1905). This agency was shortly thereafter renamed the Forest Service. In 1901, Albert F. Potter was hired as a grazing expert and in 1902 completed a survey of the potential Forest Reserves in Utah. During the summer of that year, he traveled over 2,000 miles of which approximately 1,650 were on horse back. He visited 42 towns seeking input on the designation of forest reserves and refined the boundaries outlined by the GLO. Potter’s diary and report of this survey survive intact today. Albert Potter also took photographs. From the numeric sequence, he took around 400 exposures during the summer of 1902. 67 photographs survive in his report and an additional 59 with some duplication have been found in Forest and special collection files. Several of these have been relocated and re-photographed for inclusion in this document. By 1906, Potter was Inspector of Grazing with the newly formed Forest Service, and went on to become Assistant Forester in 1907 and Associate Forester in 1910. He was the agency’s first Chief of Grazing. A close associate of Gifford Pinchot and later Henry Graves, he was the first westerner to hold a high post in the U.S. Forest Service. He organized the service’s grazing policies, regulations, and procedures. Seeking cooperation, he assured that the management of western ranges was shared with stockmen while still retaining the final decisions as to principles and details of operation in the hands of local Forest officers
Experimental realization of Dicke states of up to six qubits for multiparty quantum networking
We report the first experimental generation and characterization of a
six-photon Dicke state. The produced state shows a fidelity of F=0.56+/-0.02
with respect to an ideal Dicke state and violates a witness detecting genuine
six-qubit entanglement by four standard deviations. We confirm characteristic
Dicke properties of our resource and demonstrate its versatility by projecting
out four- and five-photon Dicke states, as well as four-photon GHZ and W
states. We also show that Dicke states have interesting applications in
multiparty quantum networking protocols such as open-destination teleportation,
telecloning and quantum secret sharing.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX
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