Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungal crude extracts against each test microorganism.

<p>SA, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> ATCC 25923; MRSA, methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i>; EC, <i>Escherichia coli</i> ATCC 25922; PA, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ATCC 27853; CA1, <i>Candida albicans</i> ATCC 90028; CA2, <i>C. albicans</i> NCPF 3153; CN1, <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> ATCC 90112 (flucytosine-sensitive); CN2, <i>C. neoformans</i> ATCC 90113 (flucytosine-resistant); MG, <i>Microsporum</i><i>gypseum</i> clinical isolate; PM, <i>Penicillium</i><i>marneffei</i> clinical isolate.</p

Scanning electron micrographs of test microorganisms with strongly active crude extracts.

<p><i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> ATCC 90112 (A–E), <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> ATCC 90113 (F), <i>Candida albicans</i> NCPF 3153 (G–I) and a clinical isolate of <i>Microsporum</i><i>gypseum</i> (K–L) after incubation with 10% DMSO (A, G and J), amphotericin B (B and H), miconazole (K), hexane extract from the mycelia of <i>Penicillium</i> sp. PSU-ES43 (C), hexane extract from the mycelia of PSU-ES190 (D), ethyl acetate extract from the mycelia of <i>Fusarium</i> sp. PSU-ES73 (E and F), ethyl acetate extract from the mycelia of <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. PSU-ES38 (I), and hexane extract from the mycelia of Hypocreales sp. PSU-ES26 (L) for 16 h at 4 times their MIC values.</p

Phylogenetic tree based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of strongly active endophytic fungi.

<p>The number of each branch point represents percentage bootstrap support from Maximum Parsimony (MP BS) and Neighbour Joining (NJ BS) with 100 replications shown on the branch. MP BS values ≥50% are shown before the slash; NJ BS values ≥50% are shown after the slash. Length; 37 steps; consistency index (CI); 0.8108; retention index (RI); 0.9391; homoplasy index (HI); 0.1892; rescaled consistency index (RC); 0.7615.</p