7,396 research outputs found
Stochastic nonlinear differential equation generating 1/f noise
Starting from the simple point process model of 1/f noise we derive a
stochastic nonlinear differential equation for the signal exhibiting 1/f noise
in any desirably wide range of frequency. A stochastic differential equation
(the general Langevin equation with a multiplicative noise) that gives 1/f
noise is derived for the first time. The solution of the equation exhibits the
power-law distribution. The process with 1/f noise is demonstrated by the
numerical solution of the derived equation with the appropriate restriction of
the diffusion of the signal in some finite interval.Comment: 3 figure
Effects of Line-tying on Resistive Tearing Instability in Slab Geometry
The effects of line-tying on resistive tearing instability in slab geometry
is studied within the framework of reduced magnetohydrodynamics
(RMHD).\citep{KadomtsevP1974,Strauss1976} It is found that line-tying has a
stabilizing effect. The tearing mode is stabilized when the system length
is shorter than a critical length , which is independent of the
resistivity . When is not too much longer than , the
growthrate is proportional to . When is sufficiently long,
the tearing mode scaling is recovered. The transition
from to occurs at a transition length
.Comment: Correct a typ
Probing the size of extra dimension with gravitational wave astronomy
In Randall-Sundrum II (RS-II) braneworld model, it has been conjectured
according to the AdS/CFT correspondence that brane-localized black hole (BH)
larger than the bulk AdS curvature scale cannot be static, and it is
dual to a four dimensional BH emitting the Hawking radiation through some
quantum fields. In this scenario, the number of the quantum field species is so
large that this radiation changes the orbital evolution of a BH binary. We
derived the correction to the gravitational waveform phase due to this effect
and estimated the upper bounds on by performing Fisher analyses. We
found that DECIGO/BBO can put a stronger constraint than the current table-top
result by detecting gravitational waves from small mass BH/BH and BH/neutron
star (NS) binaries. Furthermore, DECIGO/BBO is expected to detect 10 BH/NS
binaries per year. Taking this advantage, we found that DECIGO/BBO can actually
measure down to m for 5 year observation if we know that
binaries are circular a priori. This is about 40 times smaller than the upper
bound obtained from the table-top experiment. On the other hand, when we take
eccentricities into binary parameters, the detection limit weakens to m due to strong degeneracies between and eccentricities. We also
derived the upper bound on from the expected detection number of extreme
mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) with LISA and BH/NS binaries with DECIGO/BBO,
extending the discussion made recently by McWilliams. We found that these less
robust constraints are weaker than the ones from phase differences.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures. Published in PRD, typos corrected, references
and footnotes adde
Stable resonances and signal propagation in a chaotic network of coupled units
We apply the linear response theory developed in \cite{Ruelle} to analyze how
a periodic signal of weak amplitude, superimposed upon a chaotic background, is
transmitted in a network of non linearly interacting units. We numerically
compute the complex susceptibility and show the existence of specific poles
(stable resonances) corresponding to the response to perturbations transverse
to the attractor. Contrary to the poles of correlation functions they depend on
the pair emitting/receiving units. This dynamic differentiation, induced by non
linearities, exhibits the different ability that units have to transmit a
signal in this network.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. rev.
A late-time transition in the cosmic dark energy?
We study constraints from the latest CMB, large scale structure (2dF,
Abell/ACO, PSCz) and SN1a data on dark energy models with a sharp transition in
their equation of state, w(z). Such a transition is motivated by models like
vacuum metamorphosis where non-perturbative quantum effects are important at
late times. We allow the transition to occur at a specific redshift, z_t, to a
final negative pressure -1 < w_f < -1/3. We find that the CMB and supernovae
data, in particular, prefer a late-time transition due to the associated delay
in cosmic acceleration. The best fits (with 1 sigma errors) to all the data are
z_t = 2.0^{+2.2}_{-0.76}, \Omega_Q = 0.73^{+0.02}_{-0.04} and w_f = -1^{+0.2}.Comment: 6 Pages, 5 colour figures, MNRAS styl
Thermal metal-insulator transition in a helical topological superconductor
Two-dimensional superconductors with time-reversal symmetry have a Z_2
topological invariant, that distinguishes phases with and without helical
Majorana edge states. We study the topological phase transition in a class-DIII
network model, and show that it is associated with a metal-insulator transition
for the thermal conductance of the helical superconductor. The localization
length diverges at the transition with critical exponent nu approx 2.0, about
twice the known value in a chiral superconductor.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, 3 table
Vortex signatures in annular Bose-Einstein condensates
We consider a Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a ``Mexican hat''
potential, with a quartic minus quadratic radial dependence. We find conditions
under which the ground state is annular in shape, with a hole in the center of
the condensate. Rotation leads to the appearance of stable multiply-quantized
vortices, giving rise to a superfluid flow around the ring. The collective
modes of the system are explored both numerically and analytically using the
Gross-Pitaevskii and hydrodynamic equations. Potential experimental schemes to
detect vorticity are proposed and evaluated, which include measuring the
splitting of collective mode frequencies, observing expansion following release
from the trap, and probing the momentum distribution of the condensate.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
Novel structural features of the ripple phase of phospholipids
We have calculated the electron density maps of the ripple phase of
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine
(POPC) multibilayers at different temperatures and fixed relative humidity. Our
analysis establishes, for the first time, the existence of an average tilt of
the hydrocarbon chains of the lipid molecules along the direction of the ripple
wave vector, which we believe is responsible for the occurrence of asymmetric
ripples in these systems
Quasi-realistic heterotic-string models with vanishing one-loop cosmological constant and perturbatively broken supersymmetry?
Quasi-realistic string models in the free fermionic formulation typically
contain an anomalous U(1), which gives rise to a Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term that
breaks supersymmetry at the one--loop level in string perturbation theory.
Supersymmetry is traditionally restored by imposing F- and D-flatness on the
vacuum. By employing the standard analysis of flat directions we present a
quasi--realistic three generation string model in which stringent F- and D-flat
solution do not appear to exist to all orders in the superpotential. We
speculate that this result is indicative of the non-existence of supersymmetric
flat F- and D-solutions in this model. We provide some arguments in support of
this scenario and discuss its potential implications. Bose-Fermi degeneracy of
the string spectrum implies that the one--loop partition function and hence the
one-loop cosmological constant vanishes in the model. If our assertion is
correct, this model may represent the first known example with vanishing
cosmological constant and perturbatively broken supersymmetry. We discuss the
distinctive properties of the internal free fermion boundary conditions that
may correspond to a large set of models that share these properties. The
geometrical moduli in this class of models are fixed due to asymmetric boundary
conditions, whereas absence of supersymmetric flat directions would imply that
the supersymmetric moduli are fixed as well and the dilaton may be fixed by
hidden sector nonperturbative effects.Comment: 37 pages, LaTeX. Added discussion on stringent flat directions. PRD
published versio
Degeneracy measures for the algebraic classification of numerical spacetimes
We study the issue of algebraic classification of the Weyl curvature tensor,
with a particular focus on numerical relativity simulations. The spacetimes of
interest in this context, binary black hole mergers, and the ringdowns that
follow them, present subtleties in that they are generically, strictly
speaking, Type I, but in many regions approximately, in some sense, Type D. To
provide meaning to any claims of "approximate" Petrov class, one must define a
measure of degeneracy on the space of null rays at a point. We will investigate
such a measure, used recently to argue that certain binary black hole merger
simulations ring down to the Kerr geometry, after hanging up for some time in
Petrov Type II. In particular, we argue that this hangup in Petrov Type II is
an artefact of the particular measure being used, and that a geometrically
better-motivated measure shows a black hole merger produced by our group
settling directly to Petrov Type D.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures. Version 2 adds two references
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