133 research outputs found
Water waves generated by a moving bottom
Tsunamis are often generated by a moving sea bottom. This paper deals with
the case where the tsunami source is an earthquake. The linearized water-wave
equations are solved analytically for various sea bottom motions. Numerical
results based on the analytical solutions are shown for the free-surface
profiles, the horizontal and vertical velocities as well as the bottom
pressure.Comment: 41 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in a book: "Tsunami
and Nonlinear Waves", Kundu, Anjan (Editor), Springer 2007, Approx. 325 p.,
170 illus., Hardcover, ISBN: 978-3-540-71255-8, available: May 200
Non-vanishing Magnetic Flux through the Slightly-charged Kerr Black Hole
In association with the Blanford-Znajek mechanism for rotational energy
extraction from Kerr black holes, it is of some interest to explore how much of
magnetic flux can actually penetrate the horizon at least in idealized
situations. For completely uncharged Kerr hole case, it has been known for some
time that the magnetic flux gets entirely expelled when the hole is
maximally-rotating. In the mean time, it is known that when the rotating hole
is immersed in an originally uniform magnetic field surrounded by an ionized
interstellar medium (plasma), which is a more realistic situation, the hole
accretes certain amount of electric charge. In the present work, it is
demonstrated that as a result of this accretion charge small enough not to
disturb the geometry, the magnetic flux through this slightly charged Kerr hole
depends not only on the hole's angular momentum but on the hole's charge as
well such that it never vanishes for any value of the hole's angular momentum.Comment: 33pages, 1 figure, Revtex, some comments added, typos correcte
Electronic Structures of Quantum Dots and the Ultimate Resolution of Integers
The orbital angular momentum L as an integer can be ultimately factorized as
a product of prime numbers. We show here a close relation between the
resolution of L and the classification of quantum states of an N-electron
2-dimensional system. In this scheme, the states are in essence classified into
different types according to the m(k)-accessibility, namely the ability to get
access to symmetric geometric configurations. The m(k)-accessibility is an
universal concept underlying all kinds of 2-dimensional systems with a center.
Numerical calculations have been performed to reveal the electronic structures
of the states of the dots with 9 and 19 electrons,respectively. This paper
supports the Laughlin wave finction and the composite fermion model from the
aspect of symmetry.Comment: Two figure
Nonlinear evolution of the momentum dependent condensates in strong interaction: the ``pseudoscalar laser''
We discuss the relaxation of the scalar and pseudoscalar condensates after a
rapid quench from an initial state with fluctuations. If we include not only
the zero-mode but also higher modes of the condensates in the classical
evolution, we observe parametric amplification of those ``hard'' modes. Thus,
they couple nonlinearly to the ``soft'' modes. As a consequence, domains of
coherent pi-field emerge long after the initial spinodal decomposition. The
momentum-space distribution of pions emerging from the decay of that
momentum-dependent condensate is discussed.Comment: 6 Pages, REVTEX, 8 Figures; one reference and one figure adde
Educational risk factors for psychological truancy in Lesotho: a qualitative exploration
A qualitative case study design was used to explore educational risk factors that may contribute to psychological truancy in a Lesotho secondary school. Purposively sampled teachers (n = 4, females = 50%) and pupils (n = 4, females = 75%), who have experience of psychological truancy, took part in a focus group and individual interviews. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse data emanating from the interviews. The findings indicate that pupil–teacher relationships, the use of English as medium of instruction and a lack of resources may be educational risk factors contributing to psychological truancy. Positive pupil–teacher relationships and active classroom engagement are prerequisites for successful and active learning
The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Jets from Kerr Black Holes and Naked Singularities in the Teukolsky Perturbation Theory
We give a new theoretical basis for examination of the presence of the Kerr
black hole (KBH) or the Kerr naked singularity (KNS) in the central engine of
different astrophysical objects around which astrophysical jets are typically
formed: X-ray binary systems, gamma ray bursts (GRBs), active galactic nuclei
(AGN), etc. Our method is based on the study of the exact solutions of the
Teukolsky master equation for electromagnetic perturbations of the Kerr metric.
By imposing original boundary conditions on the solutions so that they describe
a collimated electromagnetic outflow, we obtain the spectra of possible {\em
primary jets} of radiation, introduced here for the first time. The theoretical
spectra of primary electromagnetic jets are calculated numerically. Our main
result is a detailed description of the qualitative change of the behavior of
primary electromagnetic jet frequencies under the transition from the KBH to
the KNS, considered here as a bifurcation of the Kerr metric. We show that
quite surprisingly the novel spectra describe linearly stable primary
electromagnetic jets from both the KBH and the KNS. Numerical investigation of
the dependence of these primary jet spectra on the rotation of the Kerr metric
is presented and discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 35 figures, LaTeX file. Final version. Accepted for
publication in Astrophysics and Space Science. Amendments. Typos corrected.
Novel notion -"primary jet" is introduced. New references and comments adde
Transitions in the Horizontal Transport of Vertically Vibrated Granular Layers
Motivated by recent advances in the investigation of fluctuation-driven
ratchets and flows in excited granular media, we have carried out experimental
and simulational studies to explore the horizontal transport of granular
particles in a vertically vibrated system whose base has a sawtooth-shaped
profile. The resulting material flow exhibits novel collective behavior, both
as a function of the number of layers of particles and the driving frequency;
in particular, under certain conditions, increasing the layer thickness leads
to a reversal of the current, while the onset of transport as a function of
frequency occurs gradually in a manner reminiscent of a phase transition. Our
experimental findings are interpreted here with the help of extensive, event
driven Molecular Dynamics simulations. In addition to reproducing the
experimental results, the simulations revealed that the current may be reversed
as a function of the driving frequency as well. We also give details about the
simulations so that similar numerical studies can be carried out in a more
straightforward manner in the future.Comment: 12 pages, 18 figure
The Physics of Cluster Mergers
Clusters of galaxies generally form by the gravitational merger of smaller
clusters and groups. Major cluster mergers are the most energetic events in the
Universe since the Big Bang. Some of the basic physical properties of mergers
will be discussed, with an emphasis on simple analytic arguments rather than
numerical simulations. Semi-analytic estimates of merger rates are reviewed,
and a simple treatment of the kinematics of binary mergers is given. Mergers
drive shocks into the intracluster medium, and these shocks heat the gas and
should also accelerate nonthermal relativistic particles. X-ray observations of
shocks can be used to determine the geometry and kinematics of the merger. Many
clusters contain cooling flow cores; the hydrodynamical interactions of these
cores with the hotter, less dense gas during mergers are discussed. As a result
of particle acceleration in shocks, clusters of galaxies should contain very
large populations of relativistic electrons and ions. Electrons with Lorentz
factors gamma~300 (energies E = gamma m_e c^2 ~ 150 MeV) are expected to be
particularly common. Observations and models for the radio, extreme
ultraviolet, hard X-ray, and gamma-ray emission from nonthermal particles
accelerated in these mergers are described.Comment: 38 pages with 9 embedded Postscript figures. To appear in Merging
Processes in Clusters of Galaxies, edited by L. Feretti, I. M. Gioia, and G.
Giovannini (Dordrecht: Kluwer), in press (2001
A complete 3D numerical study of the effects of pseudoscalar-photon mixing on quasar polarizations
We present the results of three-dimensional simulations of quasar
polarizations in the presence of pseudoscalar-photon mixing in the
intergalactic medium. The intergalactic magnetic field is assumed to be
uncorrelated in wave vector space but correlated in real space. Such a field
may be obtained if its origin is primordial. Furthermore we assume that the
quasars, located at cosmological distances, have negligible initial
polarization. In the presence of pseudoscalar-photon mixing we show, through a
direct comparison with observations, that this may explain the observed large
scale alignments in quasar polarizations within the framework of big bang
cosmology. We find that the simulation results give a reasonably good fit to
the observed data.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, significant changes, to appear in EPJ
Propagation and Structure of Planar Streamer Fronts
Streamers often constitute the first stage of dielectric breakdown in strong
electric fields: a nonlinear ionization wave transforms a non-ionized medium
into a weakly ionized nonequilibrium plasma. New understanding of this old
phenomenon can be gained through modern concepts of (interfacial) pattern
formation. As a first step towards an effective interface description, we
determine the front width, solve the selection problem for planar fronts and
calculate their properties. Our results are in good agreement with many
features of recent three-dimensional numerical simulations.
In the present long paper, you find the physics of the model and the
interfacial approach further explained. As a first ingredient of this approach,
we here analyze planar fronts, their profile and velocity. We encounter a
selection problem, recall some knowledge about such problems and apply it to
planar streamer fronts. We make analytical predictions on the selected front
profile and velocity and confirm them numerically.
(abbreviated abstract)Comment: 23 pages, revtex, 14 ps file
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