A comparative study to evaluate the effectiveness of selected interventions on pediculosis capitis Infestation among children in selected orphanages, Salem

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: A Comparative study to evaluate the Effectiveness of Selected Interventions on Pediculosis Capitis Infestation among Children in Selected Orphanages, Salem. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the severity of pediculosis capitis infestation among children of experimental group-I and II in selected orphanages. 2. To compare the effectiveness of selected interventions on pediculosis capitis infestation among children of experimental group-I and II in selected orphanages. 3. To associate the severity of pediculosis capitis infestations among children of experimental group-I and II with their selected demographic variables. HYPOTHESES: H1: There will be a significant difference in the severity of pediculosis capitis infestation among children of experimental Group-I and II at p ≤ 0.05 level. H2: There will be a significant association in the severity of pediculosis capitis infestation among children of experimental Group-I and II with their selected demographic variables at p ≤ 0.05 level. METHODS: POPULATION: Population refers to all elements that meet criteria for inclusion of a study (Burns, N and Groove, 1997). The population of this study was the orphanage children between 6-12 years of age. They were 180 children in the orphanages between the age group of 6-12 years of age. DESCRIPTION OF THE SETTING: The study was conducted in 2 orphanages at Salem. The experimental group-I was selected from Nesakarangal at Ayyanthirumaligai which is about km away from Swami Vivekanandha College of Nursing and the experimental group-II was selected from House of Peace at Paruthikadu which is about km away from Swami Vivekanandha College of Nursing, Dharmapuri. SAMPLING: Sample: Children with pediculosis capitis infestation in the selected orphanages and those who met the criteria. Sample size: The sample size was 60 orphanage children with pediculosis capitis infestation. Among them 30 children in experimental group-I and 30 children in experimental group-II. Sampling technique: Non-probability convenience sampling technique. Criteria for sample selection: Inclusion criteria: • School going children mbetween 6-12 years of age group. • Female children those who are willing to participate. • Children suffering from pediculosis capitis infestation. Exclusion criteria: • Children with any scalp infections. • Children with scalp injuries. • Children with any serious medical illness. The findings are summarized as follows, Distribution of samples according to their demographic variables, shows that highest percentage of children, 19 (63.3%) in experimental group-I & 18 (60%) in experimental group-II were in the age group of 10-12 years. • Most of the children were having infestation more than 3 months in experimental group-I were 21 (70%) & in experimental group-II were 24 (80%). • Fifty percentage of the children,15 were from experimental group-I and 20 (66.6%) children from experimental group-II were staying in a room with more than 6 members. • Maximum percentage of children not using separate comb in the experimental group-I were 20 (66.6%) & in experimental group-II were 22 (73.3%). • Maximum percentage of the children, 17 (56.6%) in experimental group-I were using separate towel, but in experimental group-II maximum percentage of the children 21 (70%) were not using separate towel. • Highest percentage of children 14 (46.6%) were washing the hair once in a week in experimental group-I. But in experimental group-II, the highest percentage of the children 14 (46.6%) were washing the hair once in two weeks. • Majority of the children, 21 (70%) in experimental group-I and 17 (56.6%) in experimental group-II were using shampoo. • Highest percentage of the children 16 (53.3%) were exposed to previous treament in experimental group-I, whereas in experimental group-II almost all the children, 27 (90%) were not exposed to previous treatment. • Most of the children, who exposed to previous tretment, 14 (87.5%) in experimental group-I, and 2 (66.6%) in experimental group-II were used Medikar. • Majority of the children 11 (68.75%) in experimental group-I, and 2 (66.6%) in experimental group-II were exposed to treatment before 6 months. • Majority of the children 14 (46.6%) in experimental group-I and 16 (53.3%) in experimental group-II were having average educational performance. • Majority of the children 16 (53.3%) in experimental group-I and 17 (56.6%) in experimental group-II were having dandruff. • Highest percentage of children 13 (43.3%) in experimental group-I were staying in orphanage for 1-3 years. But in the experimental group-II the highest percentage of children 11 (36.6%) were staying in orphanage for less than one year. • In the experimental group-I, most of the children 25 (83.33%) had moderate infestation in the pre-test, whereas in the experimental group-II, maximum percentage of children 17 (56.66%) had moderate infestation and the remaining 13 (43.33%) children had severe infestation in pre-test. • In experimental group-I most of them, 26 (86.66%) had mild infestation in posttest, whereas in experimental group-II majority of them, 23 (76.66%) had moderate infestation, only 6 (20%) children had mild infestation in the post-test. • In the experimental group-I, the pre-test mean score was 5.83 ± 0.98, whereas in experimental group-II the pre-test mean score was 6.43 ± 1.16. However, in the experimental group-I the post-test mean score was 2.56 ± 0.81, whereas in experimental group-II post-test mean score was 4.36 ± 1.32. The independent ‘t’ value was 6.94 which was highly significant at p < 0.001 level. Hence, the formulated hypothesis (H1) is retained. • In the experimental group-I there was a significant association between the severity of pediculosis capitis infestation and the demographic variable, frequency of hair wash. • In the experimental group-II, there was a significant association between the severity of pediculosis capitis infestation and the demographic variable, product used for hair wash. • Hence, the formulated hypothesis (H2) is retained only for these two variables in experimental group-I and II. CONCLUSION: Conclusion was derived from the findings of the study. In the experimental group-I, maximum percentage of the children 25 (83.33%) had moderate infestation in the pre-test and maximum percentage of them, 26 (86.66%) had mild infestation in post-test. In the experimental group-II, highest percentage of children 17 (56.66%) had moderate infestation and the remaining 13 (43.33%) children had severe infestation in pre-test and majority of them 23 (76.66%) had moderate infestation, only 6 (20%) children had mild infestation in the post-test. It implies that neem oil with vinegar was effective in reducing pediculosis capitis infestation than Medikar shampoo

A Comparative study of Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with GERD in relation to Serum Estrogen Levels

BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common clinical problem, characterized by reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus mainly due to transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. The etiology of GERD is multifactorial. The prevalence of the GERD has been rapidly rising in females during the postmenopausal period than during the reproductive period. AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare the association between GERD and serum estrogen level in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine the pattern of symptoms and severity of GERD among premenopausal and postmenopausal women in relation to estrogen levels and endoscopy findings. 2. To determine the relation between body mass index and gastroesophageal symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a cross sectional study, involving 60 patients with GERD, each 30 in premenopausal and postmenopausal groups. The body mass index, symptoms and severity of GERD using preliminary questionnaire (GERD HRQL) were assessed and the study participants were subjected to upper esophageal endoscopy and high resolution esophageal manometry. Blood samples were collected to estimate the serum estrogen levels by electrochemiluminescence using Cobas e 411 immunoassay analyzers. The data obtained was analysed using independent unpaired student ‘t’ test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test. RESULTS: Based on statistical analysis, the mean reduced lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LES) of 6.81 ± 1.31 and the mean reduced EGJ – Cl of 6.26 ± 1.39 was found to be lower in postmenopausal GERD women with reduced estrogen level when compared to premenopausal GERD women. This study also concluded that, in postmenopausal GERD women, there was about 66.67% of motility disorders, 63.33% of lax LES endoscopy findings and 66.67% of erosive reflux endoscopic findings were found to be higher than that of the premenopausal GERD women with significant p values. The positive correlation between obesity and GERD symptoms in postmenopausal GERD women was also found in this study. CONCLUSION: In this study, the findings like basal LES pressure, esophageal gastric junction contractile integrity and the normal motility of esophagus was found to be reduced in postmenopausal GERD women with low estrogen levels. Thus, this study enlightens that estrogen plays a vital role in protecting the epithelium of esophagus against reflux of gastric contents

Comparative study of foley induction and misoprostol Versus mifepristone and misoprostol in second trimester MTP

BACKGROUND: Second trimester termination of pregnancy is one of the greatest challenges in modern obstetric practice and more risky than during first trimester. The main concern of obstetrician is to provide the most effective, safest and cost-effective regimen with least or no complications. Induced abortion means willful termination of pregnancy before the period of viability. METHODS: This is the comparative study of foley induction and misoprostol versus mifepristone and misoprostol in second trimester abortion. Total of 100 eligible women were enrolled for this study and were divided into two groups of 50 each. This study was conducted in Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem. GROUP A (Foley induction with misoprostol) - Intracervical foley catheter was inserted and Vaginal Misoprostol 400mcg was repeated every 4 hours for the maximum of 4 doses. GROUP B (Mifepristone and misoprostol) - Oral Mifepristone 200mg given orally followed by Vaginal misoprostol 400mcg every 4 hours for the maximum of 4 doses. RESULTS: The mean induction to abortion interval in foley induction with misoprostol is 8.84 hours whereas in mifepristone and misoprostol group is 8.14 hours which is not statistically significant. Success rate in foley induction with misoprostol group is 92% where as in the mifepristone group it is 100%. Side effects and complications are almost equal in both the groups. CONCLUSION: Mifepristone- misoprostol combination is an effective option for second trimester abortion where cost is not a consideration. In places where mifepristone is not affordable, intracervical foley catheter and misoprostol is a safe and effective method which is comparable to the mifepristone-misoprostol group with lower cost and no additional maternal risks

Macro micronutrients and Antioxidant Potentials of Plants and Fungal based Food from Tawang Area Arunachal Pradesh India

Certain variety of plants such as vegetables, spices and seaweed are abundantly being grown in high altitude cold desert region of Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Therefore, five different vegetables, spices and seaweed were taken from that particular cold region viz., finger millet, nori seaweed, pepper corn, bean and mushroom have been selected based on the higher consumption of people of Northeast (NE) India for the proximate analysis, mineral, antioxidant and vitamin contents. So far, there is no nutritional composition studies have been carried out with available vegetables, spices and seaweeds growing in NE. For this reason, this study was undertaken to determine the macro and micro nutrients and antioxidant potential of these plant foods. Different analyzed varieties were significantly different for proximate composition and mineral content, and each variety showed significant differences. Common bean showed higher percentage of protein with 35.09% and fat percentage of the finger millet is higher (9.2%) as compared to other varieties from other regions (1-1.5%). Higher crude fibre was assessed in mushroom with 47.77% followed with pepper corn (38.42%), bean with 30.987%, and finger millet (5.14%).Calcium was higher in finger millet with 225 mg per 100g whereas iron content was higher in mushroom with 652 mg followed with beans (543 mg), pepper corn (408 mg per 100g). Higher amount of polyphenols observed in finger millet with 8.716 µg (GAE)/mg and highest total flavonoids in pepper corn with 48.196 µg (RU)/ml. Likewise, highest FRAP in finger millet noticed with 72.0 µg of FeSO4 equivalent /mg and reducing power (ascorbic acid equivalent /mg) in mushroom (244.0) and pepper corn (242.0). All samples had higher metal chelating activity between 86.657- 83.383 IC50 µg. Similarly, higher amount of vit B6 was noted in pepper corn with 197.0 mg while lowest in seaweed with 1.76 mg/100gm. &nbsp

An Effective Utilization of Concentrated Solar Energy

This thesis describes a new Concentrating Solar Energy with Integral thermal storage that is applied in a solar thermal power station. Solar radiation is concentrated on the boiler of a conventional power station by the technics ofParabolic trough and Fresnel trough, Central receiver system, Solar updraft tower plant The study on the several new CSP projects following the stagnation period of next 35 years. This projects discuses about the past present and future status of the energy demand. Taking the three scenarios pessimistic, optimistic-realistic, very optimistic describes solar thermal technology development pathways.  The contribution analysis showed that in case of thermo oil based power plant concepts are taken into consideration to analyze the emission from the plant and environment issues. Life Cycle results for current and future technology configuration are carried out for better analysis

Lead Induced Alterations in PSII and Lipid Peroxidation of Oscillatoria subbrevis and its Relevance in Bioremediation of Lead

In this present investigation, we have made a study on alterations in photosystem II electron transport activity and lipid peroxidation at different concentrations of lead [Pb(NO3)2] (5, 10 and 15 µM) in the thylakoid membranes of Oscillatoria  subbrevis. When the concentration of lead is increased from 5 μM to 15 μM, it gradually caused enhancement in the lipid peroxidation from 34 n moles up to 43 n moles concentration. At 15 µM Pb concentration in the medium 43% of enhancement in lipid peroxidation was noticed. This heavy metal (Pb) induced lipid peroxidation is responsible for the damage of PS II and its related electron transport activity. An investigation was done to know the protective action of ascorbate to minimize the lipid peroxidation, by addition of 8µM concentration of ascorbate in the medium with 15µM concentration of lead heavy metal. The results has shown that Ascorbate acts as a protective agent to minimize lipid peroxidation and enhance photosynthetic activity which will help in the better survival of these cyanobacterial species and their promising use in the bioremediation of   industrial effluents

Occurrence of teleomorphic phase of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato, the incitant of black pepper anthracnose

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato, the ascomycetous pathogen is a major constraint in black pepper cultivation. In the present study, surveys carried out in black pepper cultivating regions of Karnataka, India revealed the prevalence of anthracnose disease manifested as diverse array of foliar symptoms. An atypical foliar symptom was also noticed in the black pepper nurseries, characterized by grayish necrotic lesions with brown-blackish margins and randomly distributed blackish structures of pin-head size in the lesion area manifested particularly on the older leaves. The pin-head structures produced orangish exudation embedded with asci, ascospores and perithecia, when incubated under high humid conditions. Typical anthracnose symptoms were developed on susceptible host in pathogenicity studies and subsequent isolation yielded two distinct colonies designated as black and orange. The perithecia were induced artificially under in vitro conditions, which retained fertility and infectivity more than three months. Alternation of generation was observed when the perithecia were cultured on potato dextrose medium which resulted in the formation of acervuli with abundant conidiation. The results of present investigation shed light into the occurrence and potential role of perithecial (teleomorphic) phase in the survival of C. gloeosporioides s. l. infecting black pepper

Crptography based Lifi for Patient Privacy and Emergency Health Service Using IOT

Medical care is one such region, where WIFI is as yet not utilized as the electromagnetic waves influences patients with sicknesses like neurological problems, diseases and so forth. Accordingly, LIFI can be respected the following large thing, as it represents no gamble to patients and offers more advantages than WIFI, such as faster speeds and a larger spectrum. The only issue that hospitals have while exchanging data through it is ensuring confidentiality. The methodology proposed here leverages Secure Hash Algorithms to give maximum security as a solution to this challenge. The Secure Hash Algorithm is a bonus feature that is mostly utilised for authentication. IoT connects physical devices such as sensors and actuators to networks. The programming routines can be visualised from any location thanks to cloud storage. These algorithms can be employed in a variety of applications, including smart homes, digital technologies, and banking systems. This research presents a model that takes into account a human's heart rate, glucose level, and temperature. In the even to fan emergency, adjacent hospitals are alerted to the patient's condition, allowing them to provide timely and correct care. This will save you from having to go to the hospital. Temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, gas sensor, and fall detection are among the vital signs monitored by the system. An Arduino controller and a GSM900Amodule make up the system design. The monitored values can be supplied via mobile phones, and if an abnormal state is detected, the buzzer is activated, and the information is communicated to the concerned members via the mobile app

Medicinal properties of some Dendrobium orchids – A review

 Orchids are known for their aesthetic qualities, and they are often used as decorative items in homes, offices, and public places. While most people admire them for their good looks, others have found practical uses for them. Since a long time ago, people from various parts of the world have used orchids for medicinal purposes. However, the use of orchids in medicine has declined over the years because not enough research has been done to determine their effectiveness and adverse effects