BIOANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ENTRECTINIB IN RAT PLASMA BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and validate the bioanalytical liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) method for the estimation of entrectinib in bulk and pharmaceutical drugs in rat plasma. Methods: Chromatographic separation of entrectinib with D4-entrectinib as internal standard (IS) was achieved using Waters Alliance high-performance liquid chromatography system, quaternary gradient pump of e2695, using Luna, 250×4.6 mm, 5 μm column and the mobile phase containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile (ACN) within the ratio of 70:30% v/v. The flow was 1.0 ml/min; detection was carried out by absorption at 294 nm using a photodiode array detector at ambient temperature. Results: The peak of entrectinib was eluted at retention times of 5.225 min. The multiple reaction monitoring was 560.6/475.1 (m/z) for entrectinib and 580.6/496.3 (m/z) for IS entrectinib (D4). The linearity range was 1–20 ng/ml with a regression coefficient of 0.999. % relative standard deviation of peak areas of all measurements always <2.0. Conclusion: The method was successfully validated and it had been found to be within limits for accuracy, precision, and linearity and it is stable under analytical conditions used

ATTITUDE TOWARDS GENERIC FORMULATIONS USAGE: NARROWING THE GAP BETWEEN PHARMACIST AND PHYSICIANS

Objective: The thought of providing the best quality of medicines at cheaper costs made the governments to think of generic drug substitutions in order to minimize the economic burden. This study was designed to investigate the attitude of physicians and pharmacists towards generic medicines and thus to reduce the gap between them.Methods: This is a simple, prospective, cross-sectional, comparative study conducted for a period of 3 mo. 100 Subjects (50 pharmacists and 50 physicians) were included in this study. Subjects who ever graduated with the pharmacy degree and working as pharmacists, as well as clinical practitioners, were included in this study. Data collected using a validated questionnaire.Results: 60% of physicians and 80% of pharmacists were confident enough in dispensing generic products. 56% of physicians agree that pharmacists play a vital role in providing assistance on the use of generic medicines. 70% of physicians and 90% of pharmacists agreed that the generic medicines are of less expensive.Conclusion: Our Study concludes that pharmacist's shows a higher positive response towards the usage of generic products than physicians. Generic drugs typically cost 30% to 60% less than their brand products. In addition, patients taking generic drugs seem to be more willing to continue therapy

Prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in infection with COVID-19 virus - A retrospective study

Background: The spread of COVID-19 infection paved way to many admissions into hospitals worldwide exhausting the healthcare systems. A simple test for immediate stratification of risk in patients with infection by COVID 19 virus is important. Aim in this study was to know the prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in determination of the severity of infection in COVID-19 infected patients. Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care institute, Mandya. Clearance from Institutional Ethical committee was taken. Data from 108 COVID-19 infected hospitalized patients between April 2021 and June 2021 were collected retrospectively from hospital records. Patients in the study were grouped into two groups as Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Ward (Non ICU) patients, based on admission into ICU. The patient’s demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical manifestations, medications used and investigations done initially during admission were noted from the hospital files for both groups. Chi-square test/ Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical outcomes. Statistical significance was noted if P value < 0.05. Results: Of 108 patients, 25 patients (23.15%) had ICU admission. Patients aged >55years had more ICU admission (44%) than non-ICU admissions (22.89%). In patients <55years non-ICU admissions were more (77.11%) compared to ICU admissions (56%). Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, high CRP values were seen more in patients in ICU than in ward and is significant statistically (p <0.05). High NLR values were seen in patients in ICU than in ward. Chi-square test is significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Increased NLR predicts the severity of infection in patients infected with COVID-19 virus, who will require admission into ICUs. It can be used as a biomarker which can aid in identifying severe COVID 19 infection

DESIGN OF ELEGANT METER FOR CONTROLLING THE PERIPHERAL LOADS

In this paper Wireless Sensor Home Area Network WSHAN) with IOT interfaced sensible meter is developed in addition to carry out. Due to the raising wishes on electrical energy, the usual electric grid should be changed with smart, long lasting, professional and additionally costly efficient sensible grid packages. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has a important duty to set up sincere as well as luxurious efficient wise electric power grid applications. Our gadget determines electricity use logs data stay and also well-known shows the time of usage worth’s. The system likewise manages any sort of device attached to power results. While powering on in addition to off, zero-go of Air Conditioner sign is noticed to determine stage exchange. The sensible meter gives proper energy use in addition to transfer’s statistics with WIFI to COMPUTER (Personal Computer). The individual tests the electricity information and additionally from every other region regulates the gadget

Assessment of GPS radiosonde descent data

Radiosondes are widely used to obtain basic meteorological parameters such as pressure (<i>P</i>), temperature (<i>T</i>), relative humidity (RH) and horizontal winds during the balloon ascent up to the altitude of balloon burst, usually ~ 32–35 km. Data from the radiosondes released from Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), a tropical station in India, have been collected during the ascent and during the descent as well without attaching any parachute or its equivalent since the year 2008. In the present study an attempt has been made to characterize the radiosonde descent data with the main objective of exploring its usefulness and reliability for scientific purposes. We compared the data obtained during ascent and descent phases of the same sounding. The mean differences in <i>T</i>, RH and horizontal winds between ascent and descent data are found to be small and are sometimes even within the uncertainty of the measurements and/or expected diurnal variation itself. The very good consistency observed between the ascent and the descent data shows that one more profile of the meteorological parameters can be constructed within 3 h of time of balloon launch practically at no additional cost. Further checks are done by utilizing the 3-hourly radiosonde observations collected during the Tropical Tropopause Dynamics campaigns conducted at Gadanki. In the process of checking the consistency between the radiosonde ascent and descent data, several new findings are arrived at and are reported in this study. In general, it has taken more than half an hour for the balloon to reach the ground from the burst altitude. It is also observed that the fall velocity is close to 10 m s⁻¹ near the surface. Finally, it is suggested to record the observations also when the balloon is descending as this information is useful for scientific purposes

Image Blur Detection Using Local Power Spectrum

In this paper work, blur detection of images is carried with local power spectrum. De blurring of image plays a important role in image processing and computer vision techniques. In deblurring of image, the first step is considered the input image as a motion blurred image. Our blur detection is based on block by block local mean calculation. After that find out the global mean for the blurred image, then comparison of local mean with global mean takes place. The experimental result shows that the robustness of proposed algorithm. The proposed method performing operations on image for detecting blurred regions. After that detected blurred content converted in to an un blurred region that shows the final output of this method

Parasitic Strip Loaded Dual Band Notch Circular Monopole Antenna with Defected Ground Structure

In this article a parasitic strip loaded monopole antennas are designed to notch dual and triple bands. The designed models are constructed on one side of the substrate material and on the other end defected ground structures are implemented. The basic antenna comprises a tuning stub and a ground plane with tapered shape slot as DGS. Another model is constructed with circular monopole radiating element on front side and similar kind of ground structure used in the basic rectangular tuning stub antenna. To create notched bands with tuning stubs, two symmetrical parasitic slits are placed inside the slot of the ground plane. The basic model is of the rectangular stub notching triple band and the circular tuning stub antenna notching dual band. Dual band notched circular tuning stub antenna is prototyped on FR4 substrate and measured results from vector network analyzer are compared with simulation results of HFSS for validation

Implementing And Comparison of MANET Routing Protocols Using NS2

Abstract — In the past few years we have seen a hasty inflation in the terrain of mobile computing. Due to upturn of inexpensive, widely available wireless devices, Ad-hoc networks has now become one of the most vibrant and active field of communication and networks. A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a self articulation wireless Ad-hoc network of mobile nodes. Each node has a router or a switch connected by wireless connection. A MANET depends upon the location of nodes, their connectivity, their service discovery capability, and ability to search and route messages using the nearest nodes.We have used NS2 simulator from scalable networks to perform the simulations. NS2 is a discrete event driven packet level network simulator. it support for TCP, routing and multicast protocols over wired and wireless network. This paper provides insight into ad hoc routing protocols (DSDV, AOMDV) and their metrics (Throughput, end to end delay, Packet loss) using NS2