Analysis of Periodicity in Botnets

A botnet consists of a network of infected computers which are controlled re- motely via a command and control (C&C) server. A typical botnet requires frequent communication between the C&C server and the infected nodes. Previous approaches to detecting botnets have employed various machine learning techniques, based on features extracted from network tra c. In this research, we carefully analyze the pe- riodicity of tra c as a means for detecting a variety of botnets by applying machine learning to publicly available datasets

Moral Implications in the Stories of Bharathiyar

India is a repository of stories. The stories are mostly in the spoken language of the people. The origin of the stories in Tamil is very old. There is not enough evidence to define its origin, but it can be traced back to the time of the Tolkappiar. It can be seen that Mahakavi Bharathi was also adept at the creation of stories and at the same time his stories were intended to convey the influences of moral values. Moreover, it is possible to see that stories are based on ideas about the people who traveled with them during the period in which they lived and the people they have seen. In Bharathiyar's stories, there is much to be seen in that true events are presented in the form of stories without imagination. It can be seen that Bharathiyar is seen from a slightly different point of view from other writers. Bharathiyar's stories are designed to illustrate the principles of justice that are applicable to all times. He has elaborated on the ethical considerations for personal development. His specialty is that he has set up stories in a very simple style without too much empty fiction. In this way, the purpose of this article is to highlight that Bharathiar’s stories are stories based on individual morality with the common good intention of promoting morality among the people

Adaptive Data Mining Approach for Pcb Defect Detection and Classification

Objective: To develop a model for PCB defect detection and classification with the help of soft computing technique. Methodology: To improve the performance of the prediction and classification we propose a hybrid approach for feature reduction and classification. The proposed approach is divided into three main stages: (i) data pre-processing (ii) feature selection and reduction and (iii) Classification. In this approach, pre-processing, feature selection and reduction is carried out by measuring of confidence with the adaptive genetic algorithm. Prediction and classification is carried out by using neural network classifier. A genetic algorithm is used for data preprocessing to achieve the feature reduction and confidence measurement. Findings: The system is implemented using MatLab 2013b. The resulting analysis shows that the proposed approach is capable of detecting and classifying defects in PCB board

A comparative study of Total Harmonic Distortion in Multi level inverter topologies

This paper presents a detailed harmonic analysis in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for different power circuit topologies of multi level inverter fed induction motor drives. The most common multilevel inverter topologies are the neutral-point-clamped inverter (NPC), flying capacitor inverter (FC), and cascaded H-bridge inverter (CHB). This work is to analyze the performance of all the power circuit topologies of multilevel inverter with various multi carrier PWM control techniques. Simulation and results shows that the superiority of these inverters over two-level pulse width modulation based inverter fed drives. Keywords: Medium-voltage drives, Multi Carrier PWM, Multi level inverter, Induction motor drives

A Comparative study of Transvaginal Ultrasound and Bishop’s Score for Preinduction Cervical Assessment

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: With the increasing rate of cesarean section, there is increasing awareness in ways to reduce the primary cesarean section rate. Failed induction being one of the causes of cesarean section, is associated with very many complications both maternal and fetal. By appropriate selection of candidates by an ideal method for induction of labour, these complications may be avoided. The traditionally used Bishop’s scoring system is highly subjective and associated with varying results. Hence is the need for a more objective method of preinduction cervical assessment. METHODOLOGY: 150 nulliparous women admitted at Government Rajaji Hospital who were planned for induction of labour for various indications were selected in random. They were assessed by the obstetrician for obstetric examination and Bishop’s score estimation. The same set of patients were subjected to transvaginal sonography for assessing three parameters which are actually few of the five components of Bishop’s score, cervical length, posterior cervical angle and percentage of funneling. The transvaginal sonographic parameters were measured and recorded. The outcome of the labour followed up. The induction- delivery interval noted down. If the induction delivery interval is more than 24 hours irrespective of the mode of delivery or if the mode of delivery was cesarean section irrespective of the induction delivery interval, the outcome is considered as failure. RESULTS: Among the 150 women, there is found to be a significant preinduction cervical assessment by Bishop’s score (p-value <0.05) as compared to transvaginal sonographic parameter with p-value < 0.001. Cervical length with a cutoff of 30mm has a sensitivity (86.07) and positive predictive value (88.24) better than Bishop’s score in preinduction cervical assessment. Posterior cervical angle is more specific than Bishop’s score evident by the ROC curve. Percentage of funneling is more sensitive(82), specific(82.14) and has a higher positive predictive value (92.54) than Bishop’s score. CONCLUSION: Transvaginal sonography is a more significant and objective method for preinduction cervical assessment. The parameters measured are cervical length, posterior cervical angle and percentage of funneling are also significant in preinduction cervical assessment. The comprehensive transvaginal score is more significant in preinduction cervical assessment than Bishop’s score.(p-value < 0.001)

Young People With Traumatic Brain Injury in Custody: An Evaluation of a Linkworker Service for Barrow Cadbury Trust and The Disabilities Trust

Neurological disability (ND) is a major source of human suffering and socio-health burden. Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) is one main form of ND where the brain is affected by a virus, stroke or trauma. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main form of ABI and the leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults. TBI is widely acknowledged as a major global health and social concern.This report looks at individuals with ND who are 'at-risk' of offending and entering the Criminal Justice System (CJS). ND is a major issue in this population and TBI is particularly prevalent. For the purposes of this report we draw on the ND literature, in particular with reference to ABI and TBI. Where relevant we note the 'umbrella' of disorders referred to in specific studies and programmes. ABI and TBI are not directly interchangeable, and every individual with a ND may have various degrees of impairment severity, with limits set by society on their optimal life experience. Nevertheless, there is a substantial heterogeneity of experience across and within ND and key themes emerge that may apply to the care, treatment and support of this population.The development, organisation and evaluation of a service is discussed that addresses the needs of YP, aged 15-21 years with ND, particularly with TBI, and who are in the CJS. The term Young People who Offend (YPO) and/or Service User (SU) will be used as appropriate. The report draws conclusions from the study and makes recommendations that will optimise care, support and better outcomes for this vulnerable population

EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIHELMINTIC PROPERTIES OF THE EXTRACT OF RUSSELIA EQUISETIFORMIS (SCHLECHT. AND CHAM.) SCROPHULARIACEAE

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Russelia equisetiformis leaves in comparison with anthelmintic drug Piperazine citrate.Methods: In vitro Anthelmintic activity of different solvent extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) of Russelia equisetiformis were carried out on mature Pheretima posthuma.Results: The results of the study revealed that all the solvent extracts produced a significant anthelmintic activity in a dose-dependent manner. Methanol extract offered a good anthelmintic activity at 15 mg/ml concentration, where the time of paralysis was 15 and death was observed at 27 min, followed by ethyl acetate extract. The negative control DMF did not show any activity and positive control standard piperazine citrate recorded death at 13 min and paralysis at 10 min.Conclusion: Despite ample evidence of anthelmintic properties of R. equisetiformis through validated experimental data, further studies on Russelia equisetiformis is required to recognize the active principle responsible for the anthelmintic activity.Â

Synergistic Effects of Andrographolide on DNA Damage Repair Mechanism and Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Several drugs including cisplatin and carboplatin have shown tremendous effectivity in reducing cancer; however development of drug resistance by breast cancer cells to overcome cytotoxic insults and recurrence of the disease is a major concern at the moment. Andrographolide is a diterpenoid with a potent anti-inflammatory and anti tumor activity and it’s usage in combination therapy would be ideal as it is proven for it’s apoptotic capability in varied number of cells. Antiproliferative and apoptotic activity of andrographolide in triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluated by clonogenic assay and flow cytometric analysis. Expression and phosphorylation of proteins were evaluated by immunoblotting. Our results revealed dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of andrographolide in MDA-MB-231 cells with and without carboplatin. It resulted in G2/M arrest of cells when treated alone, and further enhanced upon treatment in combination with carboplatin.  Andrographolide alone and in combination with carboplatin enhanced apoptotic cells in early, mid and late stages and increased expression of DNA damage repair response proteins including FANCJ, FANCD2, RAD51, pRPA32 and p53. The present study strongly suggests that andrographolide inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation by apoptosis mediated through cell cycle arrest and up regulation of DNA damage repair response gene expression and shows synergistic effects upon usage in combination with carboplatin

Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Infertile Urban Population

Chlamydia trachomatis emerges as a most common sexually transmitted organism. It affects the young sexually active persons. It has been proved that genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis markedly enhances the risk of reproductive sequelae in women leading to ectopic pregnancy and infertility. In males, it causes urethritis, prostitis, orchitis and epididymitis. The study was considered to rule out the incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in various age groups of infertile men and women. A total of 446 infertile men and women were included in the study. Blood samples were collected and the IgM and IgG antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis were studied by ELISA. The results showed Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence rate of 62% in women with a high incidence of infection in the age group of 26-30 years. In the infertile men, the prevalence rate was 37% with a high incidence in the age group of 31-35 years. The overall seroprevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among the 446 infertile men and women tested showed 52% positivity. Thus, there is a need for investigation and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in infertile population.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Division of Microbiology, Rajah Muthiah Medical College (RMMC), Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, IndiaCite This Article As: G. Prathiba, D. Joseph Pushpa Innocent. 2010. Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Infertile Urban Population. J. Ecobiotechnol. 2(3): 07-11