In vitro cytotoxic and antibacterial potentials of extracts from three marine isolates of Actinomycetes isolated from coastal ecosystems of Tanur, Kerala, India

Three Actinomyctes with potential bioactivity are successfully isolated from the marine water samples and identified as Prauserella marina, Streptomyces sindenensis and S. spiroverticillatus. The ethyl acetate extracts from the three Actinomycetes are found to have significant bioactivity. The highest anti-bacterial activity was given by the extract from P. marina on B. cereus showing 28 mm of zone of inhibition. Cytotoxicity screening of the crude extracts using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay revealed that extract from P. marina noticeably effected the viability of the human cervical cancer cell grown in vitro. Thin layer chromatography of the crude extract with methanol and chloroform (8:2) as solvent system yielded three distinct fractions, of which fraction with Rf value 0.8 resulted in 77, 68, 54 and 40% growth inhibition of HeLa cells at 15, 10, 5, 2.5 µg/mL, respectively with the IC50 value as 3.3 µg/mL. HPLC analysis of the fraction resulted in single major peak at 3.7 min

Mycoremediation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Pleurotus ostreatus in the presence of heavy metals and mediators

Benzo[a]pyrene is considered as a priority pollutant because of its carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects. The highly recalcitrant nature of Benzo[a]pyrene poses a major problem for its degradation. White-rot fungi such as Pleurotus ostreatus can degrade Benzo[a]pyrene by enzymes like laccase and manganese peroxidase. The present investigation was carried out to determine the extent of Benzo[a]pyrene degradation by the PO-3, a native isolate of P. ostreatus, in the presence of heavy metals and ligninolytic enzyme mediators. Modified mineral salt medium was supplemented with 5 mM concentration of different heavy metal salts and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Vanillin and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (1 and 5 mM) were used to study the effect of mediators. Results indicated that P. ostreatus PO-3 degraded 71.2 % of Benzo[a]pyrene in the presence of copper ions. Moderate degradation was observed in the presence of zinc and manganese. Both biomass formation and degradation were severely affected in the presence of all other heavy metal salts used in the study. Copper at 15 mM concentration supported the best degradation (74.2 %), beyond which the degradation progressively reduced. Among the mediators, 1 mM 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) supported 78.7 % degradation and 83.6 % degradation was observed under the influence of 5 mM vanillin. Thus, metal ion like copper is essential for better biodegradation of Benzo[a]pyrene. Compared to synthetic laccase mediator like 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), natural mediator such as vanillin may play a significant role in the degradation of aromatic compounds by white-rot fungi

BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY A N I N T E R N A T I O N A L J O U R N A L In vitro Anticancer Property of Yellow Pigment from Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus JUACT 01

ABSTRAC

In vitro Anticancer Property of Yellow Pigment fromStreptomyces griseoaurantiacus JUACT 01

ABSTRACT Despite the complications in isolation of pigments, microbial pigments are increasingly gaining the attention of researchers because of their broad range therapeutic potentials, especially against cancer. In this study the cytotoxic and anti proliferative potentials of yellow pigment from Streptomyces griseoaurantiacus JUACT 01 isolated from soil are investigated. The effect of pigment treatment on the growth and proliferation of in vitro cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and liver cancer cells (Hep G2) was tested by various methods. Significant cytotoxicity was observed with IC 50 values as low as 1.5 and 1.8 µg /mL with HeLa and Hep G2 cells respectively. The pigment exhibited non toxic effects on human lymphocytes. Decrease in the number of viable cells, presence of apoptotic bodies, nuclear condensation and sheared DNA were distinctly observed in pigment treated cancer cells. The biochemical test and the infrared (IR) spectra indicated the probable carotenoid presence in the TLC purified pigment fraction. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the TLC purified yellow pigment showed a single large peak with a retention time of 9.90 min and m/z value corresponding to the peak was found to be 413.22 showing 100% relative abundance