Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis of breast lumps

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a cost effective, easy procedure in the diagnosis of breast lump.Methods: This was a one year retrospective study between January 2016 and December 2016. Needle aspiration was done in 100 patients presenting with breast lump. Histopathology correlation was done in 33 cases.Results: Fibroadenoma were most common lesions. Malignancy was reported in 13 cases. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were found to be 85%, 100%, 100%, 96.3% and 97% respectively.Conclusions: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple, easy, OPD based, cost effective procedure with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosis of breast lumps

Renal Epithelioid Angiomyolipoma in Children

Renal angiomyolipoma is a rare cause of renal tumor in children. Most are associated with tuberous sclerosis, and the classic type is observed more commonly. Epithelioid angiomyolipoma is even rarer with only limited case reports and series published in literature, most of which are of adult patients. We describe a 12-year-old boy, a diagnosed patient of tuberous sclerosis, who presented with pain in the left flank. On evaluation, it was found to have a left renal mass with the clinical picture suggestive of renal cell carcinoma. Partial nephrectomy was performed and histopathology revealed epithelioid angiomyolipoma. The child was asymptomatic at follow-up after 3 months. Only a few such cases in children are found in literature, which are discussed alongside. Differential diagnosis of this rare tumor must be kept in mind in a renal tumor as surgery is generally curative in this possibly malignant tumor. Metastasis confers a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is generally not effective, although various regimens have been tried. Tumor recurrence must be kept in mind and a follow-up after apparent complete remission is of paramount importance

Visualize and Correlate changes to network device to anomalies in network

NOM products enable users to manage their network by enforcing controlled changes to configuration of network devices apart from monitoring performance, fault and compliance of all devices in their network. While monitoring a network, it is always been a challenge to deduce and represent correlation, among anomalies across thousands of devices, in a format that users can consume, validate and act on. This paper proposes a method to deduce and visualize, possibly related anomalies on connected devices in the network based on user’s selection of an anomaly on a device of interest. While this paper takes network domain as an example to demonstrate the idea, it could be applied to any of the infrastructure and application management solutions in a datacenter. This paper proposes a unique approach to solve this problem by leveraging ML and network operator’s deployment/domain knowledge

Polymorphisms of TNF-enhancer and gene for FcγRIIa correlate with the severity of falciparum malaria in the ethnically diverse Indian population

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Susceptibility/resistance to <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>malaria has been correlated with polymorphisms in more than 30 human genes with most association analyses having been carried out on patients from Africa and south-east Asia. The aim of this study was to examine the possible contribution of genetic variants in the <it>TNF </it>and <it>FCGR2A </it>genes in determining severity/resistance to <it>P. falciparum </it>malaria in Indian subjects.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Allelic frequency distribution in populations across India was first determined by typing genetic variants of the <it>TNF </it>enhancer and the <it>FCGR2A </it>G/A SNP in 1871 individuals from 55 populations. Genotyping was carried out by DNA sequencing, single base extension (SNaPshot), and DNA mass array (Sequenom). Plasma TNF was determined by ELISA. Comparison of datasets was carried out by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Haplotypes and LD plots were generated by PHASE and Haploview, respectively. Odds ratio (OR) for risk assessment was calculated using EpiInfo™ version 3.4.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position -76 was identified in the <it>TNF </it>enhancer along with other reported variants. Five <it>TNF </it>enhancer SNPs and the <it>FCGR2A </it>R131H (G/A) SNP were analyzed for association with severity of <it>P. falciparum </it>malaria in a malaria-endemic and a non-endemic region of India in a case-control study with ethnically-matched controls enrolled from both regions. <it>TNF </it>-1031C and -863A alleles as well as homozygotes for the TNF enhancer haplotype CACGG (-1031T>C, -863C>A, -857C>T, -308G>A, -238G>A) correlated with enhanced plasma TNF levels in both patients and controls. Significantly higher TNF levels were observed in patients with severe malaria. Minor alleles of -1031 and -863 SNPs were associated with increased susceptibility to severe malaria. The high-affinity IgG2 binding FcγRIIa AA (131H) genotype was significantly associated with protection from disease manifestation, with stronger association observed in the malaria non-endemic region. These results represent the first genetic analysis of the two immune regulatory molecules in the context of <it>P. falciparum </it>severity/resistance in the Indian population.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Association of specific <it>TNF </it>and <it>FCGR2A </it>SNPs with cytokine levels and disease severity/resistance was indicated in patients from areas with differential disease endemicity. The data emphasizes the need for addressing the contribution of human genetic factors in malaria in the context of disease epidemiology and population genetic substructure within India.</p

Look before you leap: A case series of conidiobolomycosis from the Indian subcontinent

Conidiobolomycosis is an extremely rare subcutaneous rhinofacial indolent infection caused by Conidiobolus coronatus and Conidiobolus incongruus. It is reported mainly from the tropical and subtropical parts of the world, mostly in form of isolated case reports or small case series. Two immunocompetent male patients presented to our center with indolent nasal swelling and features of nasal obstruction. They were treated outside with antibiotics and/or steroids and were referred to us with nonresolving symptoms. Both of them were diagnosed based on the characteristic histopathological findings and were successfully treated with saturated solution of potassium iodide. Conidiobolomycosis is an important differential in patients presenting with centrofacial swelling. Early suspicion and timely referral by the primary care physicians will help in early diagnosis and treatment of this disease

Malignant solitary fibrous tumor of thoracic spine with distant metastases: Second reported case and review of the literature

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) usually originates from the pleura because of abnormal proliferation of fibroblast cells. It is extremely rare for the tumor to originate from the spine. Here, we report the second case of malignant SFT of thoracic spine with distant metastases in a 35-years-old female

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Relapsing in Leukaemic Phase Presenting as Acute Leukaemia

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for 30% to 40% of the newly diagnosed adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas, but rarely presents in leukaemic phase. Here in, we report a case of DLBCL presenting in leukaemic phase and masquerading as acute leukaemia. A 28-year-old woman presented to our outpatient department with complaints of fever for 1 week. Her peripheral blood smear showed 5% to 8% blasts. Bone marrow aspirate showed an infiltration by ~30% blasts. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry confirmed relapse of DLBCL. Also, patient’s poor response to therapeutic regimen for DLBCL prompted to consider second differential diagnosis of acute leukaemia. This case is a learning case, as it emphasizes the combined role of diagnostic ancillary techniques along with clinical judgments for management. The case also makes us more vigilant towards the pathobiology of DLBCL and dynamics of personalized individual treatment response

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Not AvailableA field trial was conducted to study effect of different canopy modifications on growth, yield, quality, and disease incidence in Tas-A-Ganesh grapevine grafted onto Dogridge rootstock. Ten-years-old vines trained to extended Y training system with three types of canopy modifications [Single Cordon Horizontal (SCH), Double Cordon Horizontal (DCH), and Four Cordon Horizontal (FCH)] were selected for study. The vines had horizontally placed cordon with vertically positioned shoot on the cordon. Results of different canopy modification demonstrated that, among the vegetative growth parameters studied, pruning weight and shoot length was significantly higher in DCH. Days to bud sprout and cane diameter had no significant influence of any of the canopy modifications studied. Significant differences were observed for leaf area index, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate. The vines trained to DCH had higher rate of photosynthesis. Yield per vine and number of bunches per vine was higher in FCH. Maximum total soluble solids (TSS) was recorded in SCH. Total acidity was increased with increase in cordons from SCH to FCH. Lower concentration of total acids was recorded in SCH (0.56%). We observed that as bunch load increased, TSS was reduced while total acidity was increased. The disease assessment data from different canopy modifications revealed that powdery mildew incidence was significantly increased from SCH to FCH with increase in canopy density. The results supported with concentration of lower phenols in powdery mildew-infected canopy (FCH). The results revealed that the canopy with DCH canopy modification performed better for growth and yield and reduced disease incidence.Not Availabl