ROLE OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN HEART DISEASES

Heart disease is a common occurrence in older patients in the civilized culture, and the rate is predicted to rise as the software advances. Patients with heart disease should be intended to eat a salt-free diet to lose adiposity. Diet is also critical for heart disease patients; those with nutrition deficits have a low deep prognosis. A growing body of research indicates a correlation between heart disease and a lack of micronutrients. Repairable heart disease has been linked to thiamine and selenium deficiency. Micronutrients and heart disease may, nevertheless, have a more moderate association, according to recent research. This article looks at studies that looked at micronutrient consumption, supplement effectiveness, and micronutrient ingestion in heart disease patients, with an emphasis on retinol, ascorbic acid, a fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin B1, other B vitamins, cholecalciferol, folate, iron, and copper. Because aging is the leading cause of coronary heart disease, treatments intended to reduce down the aging process or improving life expectancy are distinctly different from their standards for the treatment of coronary heart disease. Altering risky life decisions which might relate to aging and coronary heart diseases, such as nicotine usage, obesity, and unique lifestyles, is increasingly become part of the quality of practice

Comparative Study of Herbal Extract of Piper Nigrum, Piper Album and Piper Longum on Various Characteristics of Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol Microspheres

Bioenhancers are the ‘bioavailability enhancers’; they do not show any therapeutic effect, but when used in combination enhances the activity of drug molecule. In a cited research paper, the effect of various species of piper used as bioenhancer singly and in combination in an equal ratio. The methods used for preparation of microspheres are Complex Coacervation and Modified Emulsion Method. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for various parameters like in-vitro release, drug entrapment efficiency, percent bioadhesion, permeability study using intestinal sac method. The in-vitro drug release of drugs from formulations where Piper nigrum was used as bioenhancers was found to be about 66-70% in 12 hrs. when used singly. When bioenhancers used in combination the in-vitro drug release of drugs was increased up to 85-90% for combination of Piper album and Piper longum in an equal proportion, the same was about 35-40% in case of formulations where no bioenhancers was used. The microspheres found to be less than 130 micron in size. The DEE was found to be in the range of 27-67%. The bioadhesion of the microsphere were found to be 20-76% (increased in formulations where bioenhancers incorporated). The in- vitro release study by USP paddle apparatus, the important results from in-vitro release study relates to the very significant enhancement in drug release, due to presence of bioenhancers. Keywords: Microspheres, Bioenhancer, Piper nigrum, Piper album, Piper longum, Pyrazinamide, Ethambuto

EFFECT OF PIPER NIGRUM ON IN-VITRO RELEASE OF RIFAMPICIN MICROSPHERES

Tuberculosis therapy remains a challenge even today, mainly due to the problems of bacterial resistance, side effects and low patient compliance, associated with anti-tubercular drugs. A bioenhancer is an agent capable of enhancing bioavailability and bioefficacy of a particular drug with which it is combined, without any typical pharmacological activity of its own at the dose used. Microspheres are one of the multiparticulate drug delivery systems prepared to obtain prolonged drug delivery, to improve its bioavailability or stability and to target drug to specific sites. Rifampicin is an important component of fixed dose combination used in first line therapy of tuberculosis. In the present study, we attempted an innovative approach to overcome the above-mentioned problems of tuberculosis therapy by combining both these approaches of microspheres and bioenhancers. Small amount of herbal extract of Piper nigrum were incorporated as a bioenhancer in variable amount for each dose of rifampicin.The drug loading efficiency and in-vitro release behavior of loaded microspheres were found to be satisfactory. Prolonged release of the drug from the microspheres was demonstrated in a simulated intestinal fluid. In-vitro release of rifampicin from the microspheres containing variable fractions of bioenhancer showed significant increase in release profile i.e. 80.24 and 86.16percent in formulation containing bioenhancer against 44.54percent for the formulation without bioenhancer prepared by complex coacervation method. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Microspheres, Drug release, Bioenhancer, Rifampicin, Piper nigru

TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF SNAKE GOURD, REETHA AND SHIKA KAI HERBAL ANTI-DANDRUFF SHAMPOO AND COMPARISON WITH MARKETED SHAMPOOS

Reetha and shika kai possess the anti-dandruff activity; the present study involves studying the effect of reetha, shika kai and snake gourd onthe anti-dandruff activity. This work reveals the potency of each herbs anti-dandruff activity and it change in anti-dandruff action when theyare used in combination with each other in a different concentration. These works conclude, in the formulation of good anti-dandruff shampoo,does individual herbs are enough to formulate shampoo or are there necessary to be use the herbs in a combination to get better effect. In thepresent study effort also taken to compare the formulated preparation with the marketed preparation, so as to get an idea about impact of herbsanti-dandruff activity. Already many scientific study reveals that, usage of alkalonamides in many synthetic shampoos are the carcinogenic andhave some side-effects so, in the present work effort has been taken to eliminate alknolanamide containing ingredients to formulate the naturalanti-dandruff shampoo.Keywords: Anti-dandruff, Reetha, Shika kai, Snake gourd

Design, Development And Validation Of Ana-lytical Method For Amlodipine-copper Complex Using Uv –Vis Spectrophotometry

To develop spectrophotometric method for the determination of amlodipine besylate by forming complex with copper ion. Secondly, to develop a method that would be an easy, economical and accurate method as compared to other processes. The materials used were of laboratory grade and the method used was complexation with the potent API (Amlodipine besylate). The results showed that the complex was developed by using acetate buffer pH4.7 in a fixed ratio (1:1.25) with copper sulphate. Thus, it was concluded that the complex formation with copper reduced the photolytic degradation as observed in the bulk analysis of amlodipine by using UV Vis spectrophotometry. The developed method was found to be simple, accurate and economical for routine analysis

Nanofibers: A current era in drug delivery system

Nanofibers have a large area of surface variable 3D topography, porosity, and adaptable surface functions. Several researchers are researching nanofiber technology as a potential solution to the current problems in several fields. It manages cardiovascular disorders, infectious diseases, gastrointestinal tract-associated diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, pain treatment, contraception, and wound healing. The nanofibers are fabricated using various fabrication techniques, such as electrospinning, phase separation, physical Fabrication, and chemical fabrication. Depending on their intended use, nanofibers are manufactured using a variety of polymers. It comprises natural polymers, semi-synthetic polymers, synthetic polymers, metals, metal oxides, ceramics, carbon, nonporous materials, mesoporous materials, hollow structures, core-shell structures, biocomponents, and multi-component materials. Nanofiber composites are a good alternative for targeted gene delivery, protein and peptide delivery, and growth factor delivery. Thus, nanofibers have huge potential in drug delivery, which enables them to be used for various applications and can revolutionize these therapeutic areas. This review systematically studied nanofibers' history, advantages, disadvantages, types, and polymers used in nanofiber technology. Further, polymers and their types used in the preparation of nanofibers were summarised. Mainly review article focuses on the fabrication method, i.e., electrospinning and its types. Finally, the article discussed the applications and recent advancements of nanofabrication technology

Computational nanoscience and technology

Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the most widely utilized field of science in human healthcare, tissue engineering, food and agriculture. It has several advantages, such as superior surface area and nano-sized molecular structure. Nanomaterial properties like elasticity, mechanical characteristics like hardness, tensile strength, and magnetic and optical properties. It has capability to store high energy, which makes them applicable in the healthcare system. “Executable biology” is applied to the computational model of physiological processes. These models have the advantage of computer science and simulation of pharmacokinetic study. Because of their high potential and computational power, they are widely accepted in pharmaceutical research. US-FDA has tested and utilized computational models in manufacturing various pharmaceutical equipment's that also can be used in drug discovery and manufacturing. These models can create exact validated in vitro and in vivo pharmacological systems, which helps to obtain faster, accurate and more pertinent human data. These models suffer from simplicity, versatility and lack of cumulative research. Multiscale simulations, like the ones based on coarse-graining, are important areas for future research. More significantly, a collaboration between the pharmaceutical industry and computational scientists involved in this field could assist in work in areas wherein molecular dynamic simulations can influence substantially. In this review, different drug target identification models via chemo genomic methods are explained, and the advantages of computational modeling over mathematical model is studied. It also focuses on a wide range of simulation techniques, biomedical applications and challenges of computational modelling. Finally, it gives a brief account of compounds studied using computational modeling and its future perspectives