Comparison of US and Japanese Regulations for Invitro Dissolution and Invivo Bioequivalence Studies

International audienceA regulation with respect to bioequivalence and invitro dissolution of solid oral dosage forms in USA and Japan is summarized and compared. Significant differences in various parameters like dissolution, biowaiver, inclusion-exclusion criteria of subjects in the clinical trials, statistical results were found between two systems. The regulatory experienced gained up to now is studied and compared

Informed consent: Issues and challenges

Informed consent is an ethical and legal requirement for research involving human participants. It is the process where a participant is informed about all aspects of the trial, which are important for the participant to make a decision and after studying all aspects of the trial the participant voluntarily confirms his or her willingness to participate in a particular clinical trial and significance of the research for advancement of medical knowledge and social welfare. The concept of informed consent is embedded in the principles of Nuremberg Code, The Declaration of Helsinki and The Belmont Report. Informed consent is an inevitable requirement prior to every research involving human being as subjects for study. Obtaining consent involves informing the subject about his or her rights, the purpose of the study, procedures to be undertaken, potential risks and benefits of participation, expected duration of study, extent of confidentiality of personal identification and demographic data, so that the participation of subjects in the study is entirely voluntary. This article provides an overview of issues in informed consent: The obligations of investigator, sponsor and Institutional Review Board to protect rights and welfare of human research subjects. It discusses about the basic elements of informed consent and the process to be followed while obtaining informed consent. Some of the circumstances under which informed consent can be waived and ethical challenges faced by physicians in obtaining informed consent from subjects are also highlighted in this article

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Clobetasol in Rat Plasma and its Application to Skin Penetration

International audienceA simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for quantification of clobetasol (CLB) in rat plasma. Aripiprazole was used as an internal standard (IS). The present method uses protein precipitation with acetonitrile, followed by the liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tertiary butyl ether for extraction of the CLB from the matrix. Separation was carried out using Variance C 18 (250.0 × 4.6 mm, 5 µ m particle size) column and the effluent was monitored by an ultra violet (UV) detector at 240 nm. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile: phosphate buffer (pH 7.0; 25.0mM containing 0.2 %v/v triethylamine) (65: 35 % v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The present method was validated as per the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) guideline. This method was linear over the range of 25.0-1000.0 ng/ml with regression coefficient greater than 0.99. The mean recovery of CLB and IS were 70.8±1.9 and 83.32±1.55 % respectively. The method was found to be precise, accurate and specific. The developed HPLC method was applied for the estimation of CLB in plasma after topical application of various zinc salts in rats to study the penetration of CLB through rat skin