Efektivitas Ekstrak Buah Beta Vulgaris L. (Buah Bit) Dengan Berbagai Fraksi Pelarut Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes Aegypti

. Dengue vector control is mostly done by using plant-based insecticides. Insecticides from the vegetable and fruit extracts of the leaves of plants that contain compounds alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and polyphenols can be used as an alternative to naturally control Ae. aegypti. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the B. vulgaris L. extract larvacide against larvae of Ae. aegypti. The materials that been used was B. vulgaris L. fruit parts which was milled and dried to become a powder form. 800 g of dry powder was extracted by 70% methanol by percolation method with occasional stirring for 3 days. The extract was concentrated using an evaporator. 60 g remaining residue was dissolved in distilled water and re-extracted with diethyl ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Each fraction extract was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent was distilled. The extract was tested qualitatively to determine the content of secondary metabolites. Larvacide test performed by dissolving each extracts in dimetilsulphoxide (DMSO) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1%. The larvae used was larval of Ae. aegypti age of seven days. Death larvae counted every day for seven days to determine the effect of the contact. Tests carried out at a temperature of 27±1° C by immersing 25 larvae at each concentration of the extract with 50 mL volume and three replications was performed. The data obtained were analyzed further with different test. The results showed that fruit extract contains flavonoids, alkoloid, sterols, triterpenes, saponins and tannins. Highest mortality happened which was 82.5% and the lowest mortality happened with a concentration of 0.1% diethyl ether extract fraction. The extracts that are dissolved in various solvent fractions have not been effective as a larvacide until the highest concentration which was 1%. Methanol and polar solvent extracts of the fruit has a larvacide potency a bit higher than other solvents

Daya Larvasida Ekstrak Biji Srikaya (Annona Squamosa) Dengan Rentang Waktu Penyimpanan Yang Berbeda Terhadap Larva Culex Quinquefasciatus

. Synthetic insecticide have been used to control Culex quinquefasciatus, but the prolonged USAge of synthetic insecticide has a bad impact on the environment and may caused resistance. Sugar apple\u27s (Annona squamosa) seeds which contain alkaloid can be used as an alternative insecticide that was safe for environment. This research aims is to know the effect of sugar apple\u27s seeds with different length of storage as C. quinquefasciatus larvacide. This research was an experimental study with a randomized controlled trial group design approach. The test material was an extract of sugar apple\u27s seeds which have been kept for 0, 1, 2, and 3 week with LC50 (0,47 ppm) was used. Each treatment used 25 C. quinquefasciatus larvae from third instar larvae stage and replicated five times. After exposed for 24 hours, dead larvae counted. The result confirmed that the extract of sugar apple\u27s seeds which has been stored in 0, 1, 2, and 3 week did not showed any significant different on larvae mortality. Extract of sugar apple\u27s seeds which have been stored in 0, 1, 2, and 3 week have an equal activity as Culex quinquefasciatus larvicide

Serotipe Virus Dengue Di Tiga Kabupaten/Kota Dengan Tingkat Endemisitas DBD Berbeda Di Propinsi Jawa Barat

. The incidence rate of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) disease in Indonesia is increas­ing over years. DHF outbreaks hap pen in many provinces of Indonesia. West Java is a DHF endemic province. Nearly all districts/municipalities at the West Java Province are endemic areas and have reported DHF outbreaks. Factors supporting high incidence rate of DHF are tropical climate of Indonesia and the circulation of four dengue virus serotypes. The study aimed to identify dengue virus sero type distribution in the districts with different DHF endemic at the Province of Jawa Barat. The study was observational with cross sectional design. Samples consisted of 60 samples of blood serum of patients serologically infected by dengue virus. Samples came from three districts/ municipalities with different DHF endemic. Dengue virus sero type of samples was detected using nested RT-PCR (Reserve Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) examination. Results showed that, four serotypes of dengue virus could be isola ted from serum samples. Out of all positive samples, Den-2 was the serotype mostfrequently appeared (55%) followed by Den-3 (29%), Den-l (9.6%) and Den-4 (6.4%). At dengue high endemic areas there were 4 serotypes of dengue virus Den-3 (6 times), Den-2(twice), Den-4 and Den-l (once each). At medium endemic areas there were 4 serotypes of dengue virus, i.e. Den-2 (9 times), Den-3 (twice), Den-l and Den-4 (once each). At low endemic areas there were two serotypes, i.e. Den-2 (6 times) and Den-l (once)

Housing Environment Health Effects on the Incidence Rate of Dengue Haemorragic Fever Based on Generalized Poisson Regression Models at West Java (Riskesdas\u27 Further Analysis 2013)

Background: Dengue incidence has increased since 2000, in 2013 Incidence Rate of Dengue reached 50.55%o.Oneof the factors increase on the cases of disease is a residential community environment health. This study was aimed toanalize housing environment health effects on the Incidence Rate of DHF at West Java in 2013. Methods: Analysis ofsecondary data using Poisson regression test.The population in study is all common household residing in the 27 districtof West Java, and the samples that is 958 BS with 23.694 household (RR 98,9%). Results: of the analysis of environmenthealth component effects of the incidence rate of DHF is waste handling manner, waste water disposal, container driningmanner and with models Y = exp.(5,290 + 0,023 P7 + 0,006 P8–0,008 P11). Physical environment components thataffects the incidence rate of DHF is the use of the living room, and its ventilation with models Y = exp.(2,088 + 0,073 P24 +0,023 P27). Conclusion: According to GPR model physical environment education is assosiated to incidence of Dengue.Recommendation: We needs to educate people about the physical environment in residential areas in terms of arrangementof the room, ventilation and administration of environmental health that dengue cases in West Java may be on tap

Peta Upaya Pencegahan Dbd Kota Sukabumi Tahun 2012

Kota Sukabumi termasuk wilayah dengan besaran masalah Demam Berdarah Dengue yang tergolong paling tinggi di provinsi Jawa Barat. Sampai Bulan November 2012 angka IR mencapai 390/100.000 penduduk. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk memetakan upaya pengendalian penularan DBD di Kota Sukabumi pada tahun 2012. Dalam penelitian dilakukan pengumpulan data upaya pengendalian oleh individu, keluarga, masyarakat dan Pemda kota Sukabumi. Kasus DBD ditentukan secara acak sistematik dari penderita DBD yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Selanjutnya diperoleh data calon responden upaya pengendalian individu, keluarga, dan anggota masyarakat. Upaya pengendalian oleh program dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan pengelola program DBD Dinas Kesehatan Kota Sukabumi. Pemetaan lokasi upaya pengendalian dilakukan dengan menggunakan GPS. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sebaran upaya pengendalian relatif merata diseluruh wilayah Kota Sukabumi. Upaya paling banyak dilakukan adalah menguras, menutup, dan mengubur mencapai 35,8%. Selanjutnya penggunaan insektisida mencapai 31,6%. Sebagian besar responden melakukan kombinasi upaya pengendalian, yang mencapai 40 kombinasi

Status Resistensi Aedes Aegypti (Linn.) Terhadap Organofosfat Di Tiga Kotamadya DKI Jakarta

High cases of Dengue Fever in Jakarta increased efforts to control the population of Aedes aegypti by using insecticides. Insecticides which are often used in that control are malathion and temefos which derived from the class of organophospat. Associated with resistance in many areas, the purpose of this article is to know the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti in endemic areas in Jakarta to insecticide malathion and temefos. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. Research sites in nine Puskesmas in East Jakarta, West Jakarta and South Jakarta. The study population was all the houses located in highest endemic area in nine regions of Puskesmas. Sample survey in the form of 100 homes / buildings in each area. Larvae survey conducted in the home / building, then the larvae obtained were collected for later colonization to 3rd generation. Susceptibility test to 0.8% malathion is done by using impregnated paper refers to the WHO method, whereas susceptibility test to temefos test was conducted by elliot. Result of this research shows that in all research areas have been resistant to organophosphate insecticides (Temefos and Malathion 0.8%). The use in the long term is suspected to be the cause of resistance to the insecticide malathion Ae.aegypti 0.8% and temefos 0,02ppm

Risiko Penularan Demam Berdarah Dengue Berdasarkan Maya Indeks dan Indeks Entomologi di Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten

South Tangerang City become the highest contributor of dengue in 2014 in the province of Banten. The increasing of dengue cases in this city indicates that transmission still ongoing and the vector controlsless optimal. The aim of this study is to assess the transmission risk of dengue in endemic regions based Maya index and Entomology index. This cross sectional study was conducted in three health centers which highest dengue case at last three years that is Benda Baru, Bakti Jaya and Pondok Jagung in June2015. The survey larvae in containers has conducted in 100 houses in each area of the health center,so that the total sample taken is 300 houses. Containers were observed categorized into containers of controlled / Controllable Containers (CC) and containers used / Disposable Container (DC). Datawere analyzed descriptively to determine the proportion of the number and types of containers. Mayaindex obtained from categorization ratio of Breeding Risk Indicator (BRI) and Hygiene Risk Indicator(HRI). Container Index (CI), House Index (HI), Bruteau Index (BI), House Pupa Index (HPI), Pupa Index (PI) were calculated to assess the density of larvae. The results showed 833 containers with 785 containers belonging to CC and 48 included in the DC. The largest of positive Controllable Container inSouth Tangerang City is a bucket (22.7%), bath up (15.5%) and water reservoirs in dispenser (12.4%),while Disposable Container most positive larvae are buckets former (10.3%) and used goods (7.2%).Value Container Index (CI) was 11.7%, House Index (HI) 27.3%, Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) 72.7%,and Bruteau Index (BI) 32.3%. The number of pupae depicted with PI 29.3% and HPI 2.7% which is relatively low. Based on Maya index and Entomology index South Tangerang city has a moderate risk level in the transmission of dengue

Kondisi Entomologi Dan Upaya Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue Oleh Masyarakat Di Daerah Endemis Kelurahan Baros Kota Sukabumi

Baros sub-district contribute high incidence rate of dengue fever in Sukabumi city. To determine the level of transmission risk of dengue fever from entomological condition aspect, it's required to do the entomological survey and interview about control efforts with the aim of identifying entomological factors at Baros sub-district and dengue control efforts in that area. Population for the survey and interview on entomological control efforts are all community group or Rukun Warga (RW) in endemic area in Baros sub-district. Samples for survey are house/building at sub-district Baros RW 11. Interviewed respondent was a person whose stays in the building. Interviews were conducted using a questionnaire by visiting the respondent. Entomology data were collected through pre adult mosquitoes surveys. The results show that vector control made by RW 11 Baros sub-district are grouped into cultural, physical, biological, chemical, role and control in an integrated manner, with the highest type of control measures is an integrated control (37.6%). Indicators of entomology is HI = 33.98%, CI = 11.1%, BI = 45.63% . Based on the CI indicator, RW 11 sub-district Baros has a density figure 4, while the indicator based on HI and BI, has a density figure 6. This suggests that this region has a moderate risk of transmission to the spread of dengue disease