Pengaruh Ekstrusi dan Proteksi dengan Tanin pada Tepung Kedelai terhadap Produksi Gas Total dan Metan secara In Vitro

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of combined treatmentsof the extrusion process and the addition of a natural source of tannins (tea and orgambier wastes) of the total gas and methane production in soybean flour.The materials used in this study were soybean meal, tea waste, gambier, cowrumen fluid, alcohol, CO2, McDougall solution, 15% H2SO4, 0,5 N NaOH, 0,5 N HCl,1% PP indicator and distilled water. The instruments used were analytical scales, testtubes, oven, extruder machine, waterbath, centrifuge, vacuum flaks, CO2 gas cylinder,100ml syringes glass equipped with silicone hoses and clips to be closed and opened,vaccuntainer, erlenmeyergas chromatography, special flute tube and distillation flask,glass beaker, Erlenmeyer, incubator, pipettes, measuring instruments, magnetic stirrer,peristaltic pump to drain the rumen fluid and heater. This study used completelyrandomized design in 2x3 factorials and 3 replicates by a-factor (a0 = no extruided anda1= extruded) and b-factor(b0= no tannins, b1= tea waste tannins, b2= gambier tannin).The parameters observed including total gas and methane production, the data weretaseted by usisng analysis of varience and followed by the Duncan test.The results indicate that there is no interaction between the extrusion and theaddition of tannins to total gas production, while the production of methane gas does notindicate any influence (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the extrusion and protection withnatural tannins of soybean flour have impacted on decreased in the production of totalgas and methane production

Transcriptomic Profiling of Virus-Host Cell Interactions following Chicken Anaemia Virus (CAV) Infection in an In Vivo Model.

Chicken Anaemia Virus (CAV) is an economically important virus that targets lymphoid and erythroblastoid progenitor cells leading to immunosuppression. This study aimed to investigate the interplay between viral infection and the host's immune response to better understand the pathways that lead to CAV-induced immunosuppression. To mimic vertical transmission of CAV in the absence of maternally-derived antibody, day-old chicks were infected and their responses measured at various time-points post-infection by qRT-PCR and gene expression microarrays. The kinetics of mRNA expression levels of signature cytokines of innate and adaptive immune responses were determined by qRT-PCR. The global gene expression profiles of mock-infected (control) and CAV-infected chickens at 14 dpi were also compared using a chicken immune-related 5K microarray. Although in the thymus there was evidence of induction of an innate immune response following CAV infection, this was limited in magnitude. There was little evidence of a Th1 adaptive immune response in any lymphoid tissue, as would normally be expected in response to viral infection. Most cytokines associated with Th1, Th2 or Treg subsets were down-regulated, except IL-2, IL-13, IL-10 and IFNγ, which were all up-regulated in thymus and bone marrow. From the microarray studies, genes that exhibited significant (greater than 1.5-fold, false discovery rate <0.05) changes in expression in thymus and bone marrow on CAV infection were mainly associated with T-cell receptor signalling, immune response, transcriptional regulation, intracellular signalling and regulation of apoptosis. Expression levels of a number of adaptor proteins, such as src-like adaptor protein (SLA), a negative regulator of T-cell receptor signalling and the transcription factor Special AT-rich Binding Protein 1 (SATB1), were significantly down-regulated by CAV infection, suggesting potential roles for these genes as regulators of viral infection or cell defence. These results extend our understanding of CAV-induced immunosuppression and suggest a global immune dysregulation following CAV infection

SPARC 2022 book of abstracts

Welcome to the Book of Abstracts for the 2022 SPARC conference. Our conference is called “Moving Forwards” reflecting our re-emergence from the pandemic and our desire to reconnect our PGR community, in celebration of their research. PGRs have continued with their research endeavours despite many challenges, and their ongoing successes are underpinned by the support and guidance of dedicated supervisors and the Doctoral School Team. To recognise supervision excellence we will be awarding our annual Supervisor of the Year prizes, based on the wonderful nominations received from their PGR students.Once again, we have received a tremendous contribution from our postgraduate research community; with over 60 presenters, 12 Three-Minute Thesis finalists, and 20 poster presentations, the conference showcases our extraordinarily vibrant, inclusive, and resilient PGR community at Salford. This year there will be prizes to be won for ‘best in conference’ presentations, in addition to the winners from each parallel session. Audience members too could be in for a treat, with judges handing out spot prizes for the best questions asked, so don’t miss the opportunity to put your hand up. These abstracts provide a taster of the diverse and impactful research in progress and provide delegates with a reference point for networking and initiating critical debate. Take advantage of the hybrid format: in online sessions by posting a comment or by messaging an author to say “Hello”, or by initiating break time discussions about the amazing research you’ve seen if you are with us in person. Who knows what might result from your conversation? With such wide-ranging topics being showcased, we encourage you to take up this great opportunity to engage with researchers working in different subject areas from your own. As recent events have shown, researchers need to collaborate to meet global challenges. Interdisciplinary and international working is increasingly recognised and rewarded by all major research funders. We do hope, therefore, that you will take this opportunity to initiate interdisciplinary conversations with other researchers. A question or comment from a different perspective can shed new light on a project and could lead to exciting collaborations, and that is what SPARC is all about. SPARC is part of a programme of personal and professional development opportunities offered to all postgraduate researchers at Salford. More information about this programme is available on our website: Doctoral School | University of Salford. Registered Salford students can access full details on the Doctoral School hub: Doctoral School Hub - Home (sharepoint.com) You can follow us on Twitter @SalfordPGRs and please use the #SPARC2022 to share your conference experience.We particularly welcome taught students from our undergraduate and master’s programmes as audience members. We hope you enjoy the presentations on offer and that they inspire you to pursue your own research career. If you would like more information about studying for a PhD here at the University of Salford, your lecturers can advise, or you can contact the relevant PGR Support Officer; their details can be found at Doctoral School | University of Salford. We wish you a rich and rewarding conference experience

Perbandingan Efek Hipoglikemik Infusa Daun Kembang Bulan (Tithonia Diversifolia (Hamsley) A. Gray) dan Metformin pada Tikus yang Diinduksi Aloksan.

Latar Belakang: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) adalah penyakit kronik yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar gula darah akibat adanya faktor penghambat kerja insulin atau menurunnya produksi insulin oleh sel ß-pankreas. Secara umum DM dapat diatasi dengan obat hipoglikemik oral seperti metformin. Tanaman kembang bulan (Tithonia diversifolia (Hamsley) A. Gray) lazim didapatkan di daerah Kalimantan Barat dan memiliki beberapa zat aktif yang berpotensi menurunkan kadar gula darah. Tujuan: Membandingkan efek hipoglikemik infusa daun kembang bulan dan metformin. Metodologi: Sebanyak 30 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Wistar dibagi secara acak ke dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif (CMC 0,5%), kontrol positif (metformin 63 mg/kgBB), dosis 1 (250 mg/kgBB), dosis 2 (500 mg/kgBB), dan dosis 3 (750 mg/kgBB). Seluruh kelompok perlakuan diinduksi dengan aloksan sampai kadar glukosanya mencapai &gt;126 mg/dL. Perlakuan diberikan selama 7 hari. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way Anova yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Post-Hoc LSD. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan bermakna rerata kadar glukosa darah kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif, kelompok dosis 1, 2, dan 3 (p&lt;0,05). Penurunan kadar glukosa darah tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok kontrol positif. Simpulan: Efektivitas infusa daun kembang bulan dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah lebih rendah dibandingkan metformin 63 mg/kgBB

A Study of Programmable System on Chip (PSoC) Technology for Engineering Education

This paper obtain the introducing of Programmable System on Chip (PSoC) technology for Engineering Education, consisting of 2 types of PSoC, i.e, CyPress Semiconductor CY8CKIT-049-42xx, and PSoC 6 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), in this paper it focuses on learning at the level basic and introduction to these 2 types of PSoC. moreover, Learning consists of introducing the PSoC input-output with a block diagram of a typical MCU, PSoC Creator features, installation, and testing using Light Emitting Diode (LED). It is hoped that students in the engineering field can understand PSoC as one of the competing microcontrollers of the Arduino or ATmega328p, therefore, that obtains the gain knowledge about the MCU extensivel