Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990–2016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study

18% of the world's population lives in India, and many states of India have populations similar to those of large countries. Action to effectively improve population health in India requires availability of reliable and comprehensive state-level estimates of disease burden and risk factors over time. Such comprehensive estimates have not been available so far for all major diseases and risk factors. Thus, we aimed to estimate the disease burden and risk factors in every state of India as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016

Ring Cleavages of Dimethylphenoxide Anions

The major fragmentations of isomeric dimethylphenoxide anions upon collisional activation are losses of H· and Me·. Two minor processes involve the formation of m/z 79 (C6H7-) (-C2H2O) and m/z 77 (C6H5-) [- (Me· + CHO·)]. The former is only observed when (at least) one of the ortho carbons bears a hydrogen substituent, the latter only when there is a 4-methyl substituent

Structural investigations of polypropylene glycol (PPG) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) based polyurethane prepolymer by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF)-mass spectrometry

The wide application of polyurethane (PU) prepolymers in the reactive hot melt adhesives, sealant and coating sector has made it necessary to understand the changes occurring during polymerization. NCO terminated PU of polypropylene glycol (PPG-2000) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with NCO/OH ratio 2:1 were prepared. The reaction was continued up to 111 h and the prepolymer obtained at different reaction times were partly removed from the reaction kettle and end-capped with methanol. The end-capped samples were subjected to MALDI-TOF-mass spectral investigation. The peaks at different reaction times in the MALDI-TOF-mass spectra were identified as different PPG homologues. These results suggest that initially the reaction produces monourethane, which subsequently convert to diurethane during the course of reaction

1-Hydroxy-2-acetonaphthone Oxime as Amperometric Reagent for Copper & Nickel

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Acetone chemical ionization studies VIII: pyridine derivatives

Acetone chemical ionization mass spectra of pyridine and 23 isomeric alkyl, dialkyl, amino, hydroxy, cyano and halo pyridines were studied. The formation of [M + H]+ ions and the adducts corresponding to [M + 43]+ and [M + 59]+ ions is controlled by the proton affinity of the substrate and the position of the substituent. The acetylation reaction is less pronounced in 2-substituted pyridines due to steric factors, except in amino and hydroxypyridines where the acetylated ion is stabilized through hydrogen bonding. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of [M + 43]+ ions of isomeric amino and hydroxypyridines suggest acetylation occurs mainly at the ring nitrogen

5-Amino-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole: a new matrix for the efficient matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization of neutral carbohydrates

This article does not have an abstract

Chemical ionization mass spectral analysis of pinacolyl alcohol and development of derivatization method using p-tolyl isocyanate

A simple and routine chemical ionization method (CI) providing molecular weight information is developed for the unambiguous identification of 3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol known as pinacolyl alcohol (PA), a potential precursor for prohibited chemical weapons such as Soman, a nerve agent. This method meets the CI criteria used for the evaluation of proficiency tests conducted by OPCW avoiding use of reference chemical. In addition, a derivatization method using p-tolyl isocyanate for the analysis of PA using GC-MS has also been developed for the identification. This derivatization method facilitates the easy analysis of PA at low concentration present in environmental matrices. The efficiency of the derivatization is >99% with 10 fold increase in the sensitivity of the GC-MS signal. The electron ionization mass spectral fragmentation of the p-tolyl isocyanate (PTI) derivatives of three isomeric alcohols is also established. The positive CI of PTI derivatives of these alcohols resulted in molecular ion information and meets the OPCW criteria for CI method of analysis. Further, the retention indices for all the studied alcohols after derivatization help the unambiguous identification of these compounds present in complex environmental matrices

Simultaneous quantitative determination of Sudan dyes using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry

Atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry (APPI-MS/MS) method has been developed for quantitative determination of Sudan I to IV dyes. This study demonstrates the applicability of a simple isocratic normal phase HPLC method using isopropanol (0.3%) in n-hexane as the mobile phase for the separation of these dyes. A simple extraction procedure using n-hexane has been applied for the extraction of these dyes from spiked samples of chilli powder and tomato sauce. The quantitative determination of Sudan I to IV is obtained from the spiked tomato sauce and chilli powder samples by external standard method under single reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The study includes a detailed investigation on LOD, LOQ, linearity and recovery of Sudan I to IV dyes. The LOD ranged from 5-18 μg/l and LOQ ranged from 10-24 μg/l. The present method can be a powerful analytical tool for the simultaneous quantitative determination of Sudan dyes present in food products

5-Ethyl-2-mercaptothiazole as matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization of a broad spectrum of analytes in positive and negative ion mode

A preliminary investigation of the use of 5-ethyl-2-mercaptothiazole as matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) of a broad spectrum of analytes is reported. The analytes studied are substance P, insulin, β-cyclodextrin, triacylglycerols of coconut oil and polypropylene glycol 2000 (PPG 2000). In the positive ion mass spectra of the matrix/analyte combinations, the formation of [M + H]+ and [M + cation]+ species were observed and compared with those obtained by using well-established matrices such as α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, genticic acid, sinapinic acid and dithranol. In addition, the usefulness of this new matrix for MALDI in negative ion mode is also described using substance P and β-cyclodextrin as examples