Estimation of Defect proneness Using Design complexity Measurements in Object- Oriented Software

Software engineering is continuously facing the challenges of growing complexity of software packages and increased level of data on defects and drawbacks from software production process. This makes a clarion call for inventions and methods which can enable a more reusable, reliable, easily maintainable and high quality software systems with deeper control on software generation process. Quality and productivity are indeed the two most important parameters for controlling any industrial process. Implementation of a successful control system requires some means of measurement. Software metrics play an important role in the management aspects of the software development process such as better planning, assessment of improvements, resource allocation and reduction of unpredictability. The process involving early detection of potential problems, productivity evaluation and evaluating external quality factors such as reusability, maintainability, defect proneness and complexity are of utmost importance. Here we discuss the application of CK metrics and estimation model to predict the external quality parameters for optimizing the design process and production process for desired levels of quality. Estimation of defect-proneness in object-oriented system at design level is developed using a novel methodology where models of relationship between CK metrics and defect-proneness index is achieved. A multifunctional estimation approach captures the correlation between CK metrics and defect proneness level of software modules.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Data Quality Management: Trade-offs in Data Characteristics to Maintain Data Quality

We are living in an age of information in which organizations are crumbling under the pressure of exponentially growing data. Increased data quality ensures better decision making, thereby enabling companies to stay competitive in the market. To improve data quality, it is imperative to identify all the characteristics that describe data. And, building on one characteristic results in compromising another, creating a trade-off. There are many well established and interesting theories regarding data quality and data characteristics. However, we found that there is a lack of research and literature regarding how trade-offs are handled between the different types of data that is stored by an organization. To understand how organisations deal with trade-offs, we chose a framework formulated by Eppler, where various data characteristics trade-offs are discussed. After a pre-study with experts in this field, we narrowed it down to three main data characteristic trade-offs and these were further analysed through interviews. Based on the interviews conducted and the literature review, we could prioritize data types under different data characteristics. This research gives insight to how data characteristics trade-offs should be accomplished in organizations

Retrospective analysis of elective hysterectomy cases in a tertiary care centre

Background: Often hysterectomy remains the only option available in many gynaecological conditions, though it is resented by most women. This study aims to analyse the cases of hysterectomy performed in a tertiary care centre in India, with a view to modify and improve health care provided to women.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 500 cases of elective hysterectomy in Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation from January 2016 to December 2017 was done from hospital records. The observations according to age, indications of hysterectomy, route of hysterectomy and preservation of ovaries were statistically analysed.Results: 35.2% (176 cases) were between 45 and 50 years. Mean age was 48±2 years. 90.4% (452 cases) were done in women above 40 years of age. The commonest indication for hysterectomy was symptomatic fibroid uterus 59.4% (297 cases). 81.8% (409 cases) women underwent abdominal hysterectomy while 18.2 % (91 cases) women underwent vaginal hysterectomy or laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy. 84.6% (77 of 91 cases) of vaginal hysterectomy was done for prolapse uterus. Preservation of one or both ovaries was done in 47.2% (236 cases).Conclusions: Hysterectomy is usually done after the age of 40 years with the mean age being 48±2 years. Symptomatic fibroid uterus was the most common indication. The rates of vaginal hysterectomy were lower for indications other than prolapse uterus. Ovaries were preserved in several cases

Study of perinatal outcomes in normal and borderline oligamnios

Background: Oligamnios is a common cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity, but the outcome of borderline oligamnios, defined as Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) between 5 and 8, is less clear. This study aims to find out the effect of borderline oligamnios on perinatal outcomes in pregnancies beyond 37 weeks.Methods: An observational prospective study of 131 antenatal mothers with AFI between 5 and 8, after 37 weeks of gestation was conducted in Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation from October 2017 to September 2019. These observations were compared with that of 131 antenatal mothers with normal AFI beyond 37 weeks of gestation. The observations according to fetal heart rate abnormalities, meconium staining of amniotic fluid, mode of delivery, low birth weight babies, APGAR score, the need of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions due to neonatal complications were statistically analysed.Results: Both groups were comparable with respect to age, parity and gestational age. In those with borderline oligamnios, fetal heart rate abnormality was seen in 21% (28), meconium stained amniotic fluid in 18% (23), 70% (91) delivered vaginally and 30% (40) underwent caesarean section, 31% (41) babies weighed below 2.5 kg and 21% (27) neonates needed NICU admissions. In those with normal AFI, none showed fetal heart rate abnormality, 2% (3) showed meconium staining, 93% (122) delivered vaginally and 7% (9) underwent caesarean section, 11% (14) babies weighed below 2.5 kg and 3% (4) neonates needed NICU admissions.Conclusions: Borderline oligamnios is associated with poor perinatal outcome. AFI can be used as an adjunct to other fetal surveillance methods. It helps to identify those infants at risk of poor perinatal outcome

Medication abortion in missed abortion up to 13 weeks amenorrhoea: a prospective study

Background: Missed abortion is a type of abortion in which the dead fetus is retained within the uterus. The objective of the study was to find out whether the use of medication abortion is safe and effective in termination of missed abortion up to 13 weeks of pregnancy.Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care center as a prospective study, for a period of 24 months from April 2013 to March 2014. Sample size consisted of 150 cases of missed abortion up to 13 weeks of pregnancy which was confirmed by ultrasound. These patients were given medication abortion and was followed up for complications viz., pain, excessive bleeding, need for surgical evacuation, rupture uterus, infection and coagulopathy.Results: In the present study, 16 % required surgical evacuation. The common complications were pain (8%), nausea and vomiting (4.7%), low grade fever (3.3%), excessive bleeding (6%). There were no cases of rupture uterus or coagulopathy, or infections.Conclusions: Medication abortion is a safe and effective method for the termination of missed abortion up to 13 weeks of pregnancy with fewer complications thus reducing the need for surgical methods

Exploring Authentic Leadership through Leadership Journey of Gandhi

Leadership research will benefit from bringing in the subjective realities of becoming a leader by considering the leadership journey. Generating an understanding of how leaders turn episodes in time into meaningful subjective narratives helps shed light on the meaning-making process. We seek in this inquiry to understand self-awareness with a narrative meaning-making process. In this study, we adopt a narrative research approach for analyzing the autobiography of Mahatma Gandhi, who is widely acknowledged as an authentic leader. The study explores individual experiences of becoming a leader and factors leading to the manifestation of authentic leadership behaviour as well as followers’ outcomes. The study will also contribute towards the understanding of triggering events experienced by the leader at different points in life which have led to self-awareness