INPPL1 (inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1)

Review on INPPL1 (inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated

OCCURRENCE OF LEAF SPOT DISEASE IN HEVEA BRASILIENSIS (RUBBER TREE)

ABSTRACTObjective: To report the Occurrences of new fugal disease in the leaf of Hevea brasiliensis in the rubber estates of Kanyakumari Districts. Methods: The leaves samples were collected, washed with distilled water. The infected portions were cut into pieces with sterilized gel puncher. Theleaf pieces were placed on the standard nutrient agar plate and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. Many small colonies appeared on the margin of the leaves.These colonies were isolated and inoculated into the nutrient broth for subculture. The subcultures were taken and streaked into a potato dextroseagar plates and incubated at 37°C for 72 hrs.The fungi from the pure colony were taken and stained with safranin solution which was subjected formicroscopic observation.Results: Based on the observation of the morphological charters, two organisms were identified in the agar culture plate. Based on the staining,conidiophore, conidiospore, and the arrangement of the spore, the organisms are identified as Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum.Conclusion: Leaf spot disease is an airborne disease, there is a possibility of becoming an epidemic disease in due course. Further work is needed tofind out antimicrobial agent which inhibit the growth of the organisms of leaf spot disease occurs in this crop. Preventive measures can be taken tocontrol the disease at the earliest possible to avoid the economic lose and enhance the environmental conditionKeywords: Rubber tree, Leaf spot disease, Secondary infection, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum

STUDIES ON SUN FLOWER OIL [Helianthus annuus Linn] FOR ITS POTENTIAL USE AS BIODIESEL

Biodiesel is gaining more and more importance as an attractive fuel due to the depleting fossil fuel resources. The Sun flower is valuable from an economic, as well as an ornamental plant. It is one of the important oil seed crop, cultivated for the production of oil in the world especially from western countries. Sun flower seed oil is a triglyceride derived from the seeds of the Sun flower. It belongs to the family Asteraceae. The oil   can be used for   cooking     and the seeds also food for birds. In this study the seeds were collected from the local market and oil was obtained   by using chemical extraction.  Sun flower oil was subjected to various physical and chemical studies such as pH, Specific gravity Density and Viscosity. The Fire points, Flashpoint, Cloud point, Pour point, Carbon residue. The chemical properties like Acid value, Iodine value, and saponification value were assessed. The Physico- Chemical Properties of the Sun flower oil biodiesel blends 10% (B10) and 20% (B20) were analyzed.  The values were compared with the ASTMT standards of biodiesel. The blend B20 is found to be within the ASTM standard and it could be used as alternative energy source as biodiesel

An unusual case of persistent groin pain after total hip arthroplasty: a case report

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Arthroplasty is a well-established routine elective surgical procedure in orthopaedics. To a great extent, diagnosis, treatment and post-operative rehabilitation in these patients is standardised. In a busy clinic, surgeons from time to time tend to focus their attention on common causes of joint pain, but it may lead them to overlook sinister but less common pathologies. Here we report a case of a patient with groin pain due to pre-operatively undetected pelvic metastases from a pyeloureteral carcinoma who underwent total hip arthroplasty. There are several case reports which deal with primary or secondary tumours which were either discovered at the time of replacement surgery or developed at the site of prosthesis years after total hip or knee replacement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in which a metastatic cancer was missed pre-operatively and intra-operatively both by the radiologist and by the orthopaedic surgeon and should be reported so that surgeons are reminded to be careful when dealing with seemingly routine cases. CASE PRESENTATION: A 79-year-old Caucasian woman presented to the arthroplasty clinic with groin pain. Initial radiographs showed subtle bilateral abnormalities in the pelvis. Neither the radiologist nor the orthopaedic surgeon recognized it. A diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the hip was established, and she underwent total hip arthroplasty. Despite initial improvement, the patient came back with worsening hip pain three months later. Further radiological examination revealed multiple metastatic lesions throughout the pelvis due to a pyeloureteral carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: This case report emphasizes the importance of meticulous, unbiased pre-operative assessment of patients and their radiographs, even in so-called routine clinical cases. Often subtle radiological changes are classed as normal, especially if they are bilateral. Further radiological imaging should be recommended in all cases where unexplained clinical features or radiological findings are present

Nephrin Regulates Lamellipodia Formation by Assembling a Protein Complex That Includes Ship2, Filamin and Lamellipodin

Actin dynamics has emerged at the forefront of podocyte biology. Slit diaphragm junctional adhesion protein Nephrin is necessary for development of the podocyte morphology and transduces phosphorylation-dependent signals that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics. The present study extends our understanding of Nephrin function by showing in cultured podocytes that Nephrin activation induced actin dynamics is necessary for lamellipodia formation. Upon activation Nephrin recruits and regulates a protein complex that includes Ship2 (SH2 domain containing 5′ inositol phosphatase), Filamin and Lamellipodin, proteins important in regulation of actin and focal adhesion dynamics, as well as lamellipodia formation. Using the previously described CD16-Nephrin clustering system, Nephrin ligation or activation resulted in phosphorylation of the actin crosslinking protein Filamin in a p21 activated kinase dependent manner. Nephrin activation in cell culture results in formation of lamellipodia, a process that requires specialized actin dynamics at the leading edge of the cell along with focal adhesion turnover. In the CD16-Nephrin clustering model, Nephrin ligation resulted in abnormal morphology of actin tails in human podocytes when Ship2, Filamin or Lamellipodin were individually knocked down. We also observed decreased lamellipodia formation and cell migration in these knock down cells. These data provide evidence that Nephrin not only initiates actin polymerization but also assembles a protein complex that is necessary to regulate the architecture of the generated actin filament network and focal adhesion dynamics

Alternating Magnetic Field Controlled, Multifunctional Nano-Reservoirs: Intracellular Uptake and Improved Biocompatibility

Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles hold great therapeutic potential, but conventional particles can be toxic. Here, we report the synthesis and alternating magnetic field dependent actuation of a remotely controllable, multifunctional nano-scale system and its marked biocompatibility with mammalian cells. Monodisperse, magnetic nanospheres based on thermo-sensitive polymer network poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate were synthesized using free radical polymerization. Synthesized nanospheres have oscillating magnetic field induced thermo-reversible behavior; exhibiting desirable characteristics comparable to the widely used poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-based systems in shrinkage plus a broader volumetric transition range. Remote heating and model drug release were characterized for different field strengths. Nanospheres containing nanoparticles up to an iron concentration of 6 mM were readily taken up by neuron-like PC12 pheochromocytoma cells and had reduced toxicity compared to other surface modified magnetic nanocarriers. Furthermore, nanosphere exposure did not inhibit the extension of cellular processes (neurite outgrowth) even at high iron concentrations (6 mM), indicating minimal negative effects in cellular systems. Excellent intracellular uptake and enhanced biocompatibility coupled with the lack of deleterious effects on neurite outgrowth and prior Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of PEG-based carriers suggest increased therapeutic potential of this system for manipulating axon regeneration following nervous system injury

Psychometric properties of the quality of life scale Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition in a combined analysis of five atomoxetine trials

Our aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the generic quality of life (QoL) scale Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE) by means of a combined analysis of atomoxetine clinical trials in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Individual patient-level data from five clinical trials were included in the combined analysis. Psychometric properties of the CHIP-CE were explored in terms of internal consistency and structure. Patients (n = 794) aged between 6 and 15 years (mean 9.7) with mean baseline ADHD Rating Scale of 41.8 ± 8.04 were included. On average, 0.7 (SD 2.23) items were missing for the whole CHIP-CE. The internal consistency of the CHIP-CE assessed by Cronbach’s alpha was good for all sub-domains at baseline and at endpoint. Considerable ceiling effects were only observed for the “restricted activity” sub-domain. No considerable floor effects were seen. The factor analysis supported the 12-factor solution for the sub-domains, but not the 5-factor solution for the domains. Our analyses were based on a large sample of non-US patients which allowed the measurement of clear changes in QoL over time. The results support that the CHIP-CE scale is psychometrically robust over time in terms of internal consistency and structure