Antibacterial activity of combined extracts of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and betel leaf (Piper betle L.) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

The use of traditional medicine can be an alternative treatment with increasing antibiotic resistance. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and betel leaf (Piper betel L.) are plants that can be used as an antibacterial. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of combined extracts of red ginger and betel leaf. This experiment was carried out by making extracts of red ginger and betel leaf with maceration and tested the antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity test used the paper disc diffusion method. The study was conducted with five different concentrations of extract 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The results showed that the combination of red ginger and betel leaf extract at a concentration of 80% had the highest inhibitory area against Staphylococcus aureus (10.6 mm) and Escherichia coli (7.5 mm). The data obtained were statistically tested using One Way Anova with a significance level of > 0.05. The results of One Way ANOVA analysis of the combination of red ginger and betel leaf extracts on Staphylococcus aureus had a significant value of 0.083, while those extracts on Escherichia coli had a significant value of 0.690. It can be concluded that the combination of red ginger and betel leaf extract at a concentration of 80% had a strong inhibitory level against Staphylococcus aureus and a moderate inhibitory level against Escherichia coli

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI UMBI BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil)

Latar Belakang: Bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang berkhasiat bagi kesehatan. Umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) diketahui memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, saponin, fenolik, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Kandungan metabolit sekunder tersebut diyakini memiliki ativitas antioksidan atau anti radikal bebas. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan fraksi-fraksi umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Metode: Umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) diekstraksi dengan cara panas yaitu metode infundasi kemudian difraksinasi berdasarkan tingkat kepolaran dengan pelarut air, etil asetat, dan n-heksan. Penetapan aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode peredaman DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) diukur serapannya pada panjang gelombang 516,5 nm. Konsentrasi sampel yang digunakan yaitu 10 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, dan 90 ppm. Hasil:  pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan fraksi-fraksi umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) masing-masing menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang baik dengan nilai IC50 (inhibition concentration) dari fraksi air, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi n-heksan secara berturut-turut yaitu 96,24±3,754 ppm; 26,98±0,507 ppm; dan 10,7±0,681 ppm

Pelatihan Penulisan Abstrak dalam Karya Ilmiah pada Mahasiswa Prodi Farmasi S1 Universitas Bhamada Slawi

The benefits of writing a scientific paper for college students are being able to develop the idea based on sources and build systemic mindset. One of the parts in the scientific paper is an abstract consisting of background, objective, method, result, conclusion, and key words; it can be written in Bahasa Indonesia and English. The abstract facilitates readers in understanding the contents of the scientific paper. Based on the result of questionnaire, the problems faced by the pharmacy students are that (1) 80% of them have never written an abstract; (2) 53% of them have not known the elements of abstract; and (3) 84% of them had difficulty in writing an English abstract. The public service aimed to provide knowledge and training on writing an abstract both Bahasa Indonesia and English for pharmacy students of University of Bhamada Slawi. By lecture, discussion, and practice, the results of public service showed that 95% of participants have known and written the elements of abstract in Bahasa Indonesia, 78% of participants could compose an abstract in Bahasa Indonesia and 71% of participants were able to write abstract in English

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI UMBI BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil)

Latar Belakang: Bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang berkhasiat bagi kesehatan. Umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) diketahui memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, saponin, fenolik, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Kandungan metabolit sekunder tersebut diyakini memiliki ativitas antioksidan atau anti radikal bebas. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan fraksi-fraksi umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) dengan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Metode: Umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) diekstraksi dengan cara panas yaitu metode infundasi kemudian difraksinasi berdasarkan tingkat kepolaran dengan pelarut air, etil asetat, dan n-heksan. Penetapan aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode peredaman DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) diukur serapannya pada panjang gelombang 516,5 nm. Konsentrasi sampel yang digunakan yaitu 10 ppm, 30 ppm, 50 ppm, 70 ppm, dan 90 ppm. Hasil:  pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan fraksi-fraksi umbi bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb) masing-masing menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang baik dengan nilai IC50 (inhibition concentration) dari fraksi air, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi n-heksan secara berturut-turut yaitu 96,24±3,754 ppm; 26,98±0,507 ppm; dan 10,7±0,681 ppm

Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activities of Curcuma purpurascens Blume, A Review

Curcuma sp. is generally used for medicine, starch sources, preservatives, dyes and cosmetics. The use of Curcuma spp. for medical has increased because there have been many studies related to its active ingredients, such as flavonoids, essential oils, tannins, quinones, and terpenoids, as well as pharmacological activities, including wound healing, antioxidants, antifungal, anticancer, gastroprotective, and hepatoprotective. Curcuma purpurascens Blume is a species of Curcuma from family Zingiberaceae and used for traditional medicine. This article focuses on reviewing the literatures on C. purpurascens and discussing its morphology, phytochemical content, and pharmacological aspects. The method used to review this article was by exploring several databases such as Scopus, Pub Med, and Google Scholar to identify and download original articles and research journals related to the morphology, phytochemical content, and biological activity of Curcuma purpurascens Blume. The result of this review will later provide information about the uses and presence of Curcuma purpurascens Blume which is still rarely studied so further study related to its pharmacological activity tests and active compound as natural medicines can be explored

EFEK HIPOGLIKEMIK KOMBINASI EKSTRAK ETANOL Momordica charantia dan Apium graveolens dengan INDUKSI GLUKOSA

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) merupakan suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik yang ditandai oleh kondisi hiperglikemia. Indonesia menempati urutan ke-9 terbesar pada jumlah penderita DM di dunia. WHO merekomendasikan untuk meningkatkan penggunaan tanaman dalam pengobatan, sehingga terjadi peningkatan penelitian mengenai agen hipoglikemik yang berasal dari tanaman obat. Tanaman obat tersebut yaitu buah pare dan daun seledri yang memiliki mekanisme hipoglikemik yang sinergis.Ekstrak etanol buah pare dan daun seledri dibuat secara maserasi. Hewan uji (mencit) dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok. Kelompok 1 diberi metformin dengan dosis 1,3 mg/20 g BB; kelompok 2 diberi NaCMC 1%; kelompok 3 diberi ekstrak etanol buah pare 100%; kelompok 4, 5, dan 6 diberi kombinasi ekstrak etanol buah pare dan daun seledri dengan perbandingan dosis berturut-turut 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75% dari dosis efektif masing-masing; kelompok 7 diberi ekstrak etanol daun seledri 100%. Mencit diberi perlakuan sesuai kelompok, 30 menit kemudian diinduksi glukosa per oral untuk membuat kondisi hiperglikemik, lalu cuplikan darah diambil dari vena lateralis ekor mencit pada menit ke 0, 30, 60, 90, dan 120 yang dihitung setelah pemberian glukosa. Kadar glukosa darah diukur dengan metode electrochemical glucose biosensor.Data AUC0-120 yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik dengan Uji Anova satu arah menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna, kemudian dilakukan uji Least Significant Difference (LSD) menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol buah pare 50% (17,5 mg/20 g BB) dan daun seledri 50% (14 mg/20 g BB) memiliki efek hipoglikemik terbesar dengan nilai AUC0-120 terkecil (8.160 menit mg/dl) dibandingkan dengan kelompok lain dan tidak berbeda signifikan dengan metformin 1,3 mg/20 g BB (p>0,05).Hipoglikemik, Diabetes Melitus, Momordica charantia, Apium graveolens L

Uji Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L) Dan Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus

Infectious diseases are one of the main causes of diseases in tropical regions like Indonesia. Infectious diseases usually can be cured by antibiotics, since the use of antibiotics has side effects and long-term resistance and prices that are not affordable, it needs a role of herbs that can weaken the activity of these bacteria. Kersen plants contains various chemical compounds namely flavonoid compounds, saponins, and tannins that have antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity. Belimbing wuluh contains flavonoid compounds. This research was conducted to find out the antibacterial activity of extract combination of kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L) and belimbing wuluh leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi L) against Staphylococcus aureus. Extract of Kersen leaf and Belimbing wuluh leaf were obtained by maceration method using ethanol 96% for 5 days. The antibacterial activity test was performed by diffusion method using disc paper based on the inhibit zone diameter or clear zone formed around the disc paper. The test was conducted by extract comparison of kersen leaf and belimbing wuluh leaf at 30% concentration namely 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3 and 3:1 against Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the extract comparison of kersen leaf and belimbing wuluh leaf 1:1 had a weak inhibitory power because of its inhibitory value ≤ 5 mm, that was 4.67 mm. While the ratio of 1:2, 2:1, 1:3 and 3:1 had a moderate inhibition resistance value ranges from 5-10 mm; 6.33 mm,7.16 mm, 7.67 mm, and 7.83 mm. Extract rendemen of kersen leaf was 11.94% and belimbing wuluh leaf was 6.28%

SOSIALISASI RAMUAN TANAMAN HERBAL UNTUK PENGOBATAN HIPERTENSI PADA MASYARAKAT DESA BLUBUK KECAMATAN DUKUHWARU KABUPATEN TEGAL

Hipertensi merupakan penyebab kematian nomor tiga di Indonesia, dan penyebab kematian nomor satu di Dunia. Hipertensi biasanya bersifat asimptomatik, tetapi memiliki angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang relatif tinggi, termasuk di Desa Blubuk, Kecamatan Dukuhwaru, Kabupaten Tegal. WHO merekomendasikan penggunaan obat tradisional termasuk herbal dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan masyarakat, pencegahan dan pengobatan penyakit. Metode penelitian dilaksanakan dengan pemberian pretest, dilanjutkan pemberian materi, diskusi, dan diakhiri dengan pengisian postest. Hasil penyuluhan didapat terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan penggunaan tanaman herbal dalam pengobatan penyakit hipertensi sebesar 10,2%

PENGARUH PERASAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum. L ) SEBAGAI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR KOLESTEROL DALAM DARAH PADA MENCIT JANTAN GALUR SWISS

Kolesterol merupakan lipid sterol yang diperlukan untuk untuk mensintesis berbagai hormon steroid. Namun ketika kadarnya di dalam darah berlebihan akan mengakibatkan penyumbatan pada pembuluh darah, yang dapat menyebabkan stroke dan penyakit kardiovaskular, seperti penyakit hipertensi dan jantung koroner. Pencarian agen pencegah hiperlipidemia yang berasal dari alam sangat giat dilakukan. Hai ini dikarenakan lebih mudah didapat serta memiliki efek samping yang kecil sehingga relatif aman dibandingkan obat – obat sintetik. Tumbuhan merupakan sumber senyawa kimia, banyak diantaranya berpotensi sebagai bahan dasar obat. Salah satu diantaranya adalah kentang Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian perasan kentang terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol dalam darah mencit jantan galur swiss. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 kelompok penelitian, perasan kentang dosis 0,832g/20gBB, 0,416g/20gBB, dan 0,208g/20gBB serta kelompok kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberiaan perasan kentang terhadap kelompok perlakuan dosis  0,832g/20gBB, 0,416g/20gBB, dan 0,208g/20kgBB, masing masing sebesar 12,20±1,74mg/dl; 20,20±1,69mg/dl; dan 49,00±3,39mg/dl. Hal ini dikarenakan kandungan vitamin C, vitamin B6 dan vitamin B12 pada perasan kentan

PENENTUAN NILAI SPF ( SUN PROTECTION FACTOR) EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI DAUN KECOMBRANG (ETLINGERA ELATIOR) SECARA IN VITRO MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI

Sunlight is needed by all living things to their survival. One of the benefits of sunlight is as sources of energy and making healthy skin and bones. Kecombrang leaf contains phenolic compound which is able to give protection for UV light and have potentially sunscreens. The research aimed to determine of SPF of water extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of kecombrang leaf. The research was in vitro by using spectrophotometry UV-Vis method. The absorbance of extract and fraction of kecombrang leaf was measured at a UV-B light wave length of 290-320 nm. Determination of SPF was based on Mansur equation. Phytochemical test in TLC of water extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction was positive for phenol in each. The result showed that water extract of kecombrang leaf had the highest SPF at concentration of 300 ppm numbered 7.30±0.62 with level of extra sunscreens ability; n-hexane fraction of kecombrang leaf had the highest protection activity in a SPF of 17.57±2.49 with level of ultra-sunscreens ability in a concentration of 300 ppm; while ethyl acetate fraction had the highest SPF namely 2.65±0.12 with the minimum protection. The data analysis stated that there was a significant difference between water extract of kecombrang leaf and fractions of n-hexane and ethyl acetate. To sum up, n-hexane fraction of kecombrang leaf had the highest SPF so that it had potentially as sunscreens for UV-B light protectionKeywords: Kecombrang Leaf, SPF, Water Extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction