6 research outputs found
Diclofenac sodium ion exchange resin complex loaded melt cast films for sustained release ocular delivery
The goal of the present study is to develop polymeric matrix films loaded
with a combination of free diclofenac sodium (DFSfree) and DFS:Ion exchange
resin complexes (DFS:IR) for immediate and sustained release profiles,
respectively. Effect of ratio of DFS and IR on the DFS:IR complexation
efficiency was studied using batch processing. DFS:IR complex, DFSfree, or a
combination of DFSfree+DFS:IR loaded matrix films were prepared by melt-cast
technology. DFS content was 20% w/w in these matrix films. In vitro
transcorneal permeability from the film formulations were compared against DFS
solution, using a side-by-side diffusion apparatus, over a 6 h period. Ocular
disposition of DFS from the solution, films and corresponding suspensions were
evaluated in conscious New Zealand albino rabbits, 4 h and 8 h post-topical
administration. All in vivo studies were carried out as per the University of
Mississippi IACUC approved protocol. Complexation efficiency of DFS:IR was
found to be 99% with a 1:1 ratio of DFS:IR. DFS release from DFS:IR suspension
and the film were best-fit to a Higuchi model. In vitro transcorneal flux with
the DFSfree+DFS:IR(1:1)(1 + 1) was twice that of only DFS:IR(1:1) film. In
vivo, DFS solution and DFS:IR(1:1) suspension formulations were not able to
maintain therapeutic DFS levels in the aqueous humor (AH). Both DFSfree and
DFSfree+DFS:IR(1:1)(3 + 1) loaded matrix films were able to achieve and
maintain high DFS concentrations in the AH, but elimination of DFS from the
ocular tissues was much faster with the DFSfree formulation. DFSfree+DFS:IR
combination loaded matrix films were able to deliver and maintain therapeutic
DFS concentrations in the anterior ocular chamber for up to 8 h. Thus, free
drug/IR complex loaded matrix films could be a potential topical ocular
delivery platform for achieving immediate and sustained release
characteristics
Investigating the Nexus between Crude Oil Price and Stock Prices of Oil Exploration Companies
In emerging economies, examining the linkage between different markets has become crucial. We have examined the linkage between crude oil and Indian oil exploration companies' equity prices. The augmented Dickey-Fuller method is used to test the stationarity of the series. The Granger causality test, Vector autoregression (VAR), and correlation methodologies are used to examine the causality between the markets. The p-values of Granger causality tests are less than 0.05, which confirms that the crude oil price causes the price movements of Indian oil exploration equities. The VAR (2) model confirmed that the prices of HOCE, OIL, and ONGC follow the first and second lag, Reliance and PETRONET equities follow the first lag of International crude price. The impulse response function shows a positive response of Indian oil exploration equity returns for the positive shocks of crude oil return. The findings of this study may help the traders and investors in the equity market, energy equity investors
Polyamide/Poly(Amino Acid) Polymers for Drug Delivery
Polymers have always played a critical role in the development of novel drug delivery systems by providing the sustained, controlled and targeted release of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Among the different polymers, polyamides or poly(amino acid)s exhibit distinct features such as good biocompatibility, slow degradability and flexible physicochemical modification. The degradation rates of poly(amino acid)s are influenced by the hydrophilicity of the amino acids that make up the polymer. Poly(amino acid)s are extensively used in the formulation of chemotherapeutics to achieve selective delivery for an appropriate duration of time in order to lessen the drug-related side effects and increase the anti-tumor efficacy. This review highlights various poly(amino acid) polymers used in drug delivery along with new developments in their utility. A thorough discussion on anticancer agents incorporated into poly(amino acid) micellar systems that are under clinical evaluation is included
Polyamide/Poly(Amino Acid) Polymers for Drug Delivery
Polymers have always played a critical role in the development of novel drug delivery systems by providing the sustained, controlled and targeted release of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Among the different polymers, polyamides or poly(amino acid)s exhibit distinct features such as good biocompatibility, slow degradability and flexible physicochemical modification. The degradation rates of poly(amino acid)s are influenced by the hydrophilicity of the amino acids that make up the polymer. Poly(amino acid)s are extensively used in the formulation of chemotherapeutics to achieve selective delivery for an appropriate duration of time in order to lessen the drug-related side effects and increase the anti-tumor efficacy. This review highlights various poly(amino acid) polymers used in drug delivery along with new developments in their utility. A thorough discussion on anticancer agents incorporated into poly(amino acid) micellar systems that are under clinical evaluation is included