The Response of Micronutrients on Crop Growth Indices, Chlorophyll Content, Relative Water Content and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties

Chickpeas are prized legume crops that are frequently eaten in developing countries. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to study the Impact of Foliar Applied Zinc, Boron and Iron on plant Growth, Chlorophyll content, Yield attributes and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties during the Rabi season of 2018-19 and 2019-20. The field experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design assigning three varieties in main plots (KGD-1168, Radhey and KWR-108) and seven micronutrients combined in subplots. The results revealed that the variety Radhey showed significantly higher in growth indices and yield viz., dry weight of plant (21.06, 21.56g at maturity), crop growth rate (0.230, 0.236 g plant-1 day-1 at 75-100DAS), relative growth rate (0.177, 0.177 g g-1 day-1 at 75-100DAS) and net assimilation rate (0.0303, 0.0335 g plant-1 day-1 at 100 to maturity), chlorophyll content, relative water content, seed yield plant-1 and seed yield (2118, 2228 kg ha-1) of chickpea during both the years, respectively. Among various micronutrients, the foliar application of Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2 % + Iron @ 0.1 % exerted significantly higher in growth indices and yield viz., dry weight of plant (21.26, 21.74g at maturity), crop growth rate (0.212, 0.224g plant-1 day-1 at 75-100DAS), relative growth rate (0.207, 0.195 g g-1 day-1 at 75-100DAS), net assimilation rate (0.0305, 0.0342 g plant-1 day-1 at 100 to maturity), chlorophyll content, relative water content, seed yield plant-1 and seed yield (2162, 2276 kg ha-1) of chickpea both the years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. The interaction effect of varieties and micronutrients was found to be non-significant. On the basis of observed results, instructed to grow chickpea variety Radhey with foliar applications of Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2% + Iron @ 0.1% for higher growth and yield

Effect of Different Levels of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and Phosphorus on Productivity and Profitability of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

A field experiment was carried out at Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during rabi season, in 2019-20 to study the effect of different levels of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) and phosphorus on yield attributes, yield and economics of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with 3 replications. The treatments were consisted of 4 levels of AM fungi inoculation i.e., control, AM @ 8 kg ha-1, AM @ 12 kg ha-1 and AM @ 16 kg ha-1 along with 4 phosphorus fertility level i.e., control, phosphorus @ 20 kg ha-1, phosphorus @ 30 kg ha-1 and phosphorus @ 40 kg ha-1 were tested in the experiment. The results indicated that the AM fungi inoculation level @ 16 kg ha-1 showed the highest yield attributes, yield and economics viz. number of productive tillers (9.03 m-2), number of grain ear-1 (9.16), test weight (45.36g), grain yield (28.13 q ha-1), gross return (INR 45774.20 ha-1), net return (INR 18143.04 ha-1 ) and B:C ratio (1.66) followed by the AM fungi inoculation level @ 12 kg ha-1 while it was observed minimum under control. However, the phosphorus fertility level @ 40 kg ha-1 gave better yield attributes, yield and economics viz., number of productive tillers (9.16 m-1), number of grain ear-1 (59.36), test weight (45.09g), grain yield (28.79), gross return (INR 47377.60 ha-1), net return (INR 18229.50 ha-1) and B:C ratio (1.63) followed by the phosphorus fertility level @ 30 kg ha-1 while observed minimum under control. On the basis of observed results, farmers are advised to raise barley with AM fungi inoculation level @ 16 kg ha-1 along with application of phosphorus @ 40 kg ha-1 for best growth, yield, economics and soil health

Enhancing Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties through Foliar Application of Micronutrients under Field Condition

Extensively, it is imperative to address the pervasive issue of nutrient deficiencies among humans and animals in numerous underdeveloped regions. To tackle this challenge, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of foliar applications of Zinc, Boron, and Iron on the growth, yield attributes, and overall yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties during the Rabi seasons of both 2018-19 and 2019-20. The field experiment was meticulously designed using a Split Plot Design, wherein three distinct chickpea varieties (V1-KGD-1168, V2-Radhey, and V3-KWR-108) were assigned to the main plots. The subplots were dedicated to seven micronutrient treatment combinations, namely (M1-Control), (M2-Zinc @ 0.5%), (M3-Boron @ 0.2%), (M4-Iron @ 0.1%), (M5-Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2%), (M6-Zinc @ 0.5% + Iron @ 0.1%), and (M7: Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2% + Iron @ 0.1%). Consequently, a total of 21 treatment combinations were meticulously replicated three times. The findings of the experiment unveiled that the Radhey variety significantly influenced various parameters, including plant height, the number of branches per plant, fresh plant weight, 100-seed weight (17.21, 17.25g), seed yield (2118, 2228 kg ha-1), gross return (112396, 113628 INR ha-1), net return (83154, 83616 INR ha-1), and the benefit-to-cost ratio (B: C ratio) (2.84, 2.79) of chickpea for both the years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Regarding the micronutrient treatments, the foliar application of Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2% + Iron @ 0.1% exhibited a notably positive impact on plant height, the number of branches per plant, fresh plant weight, 100-seed weight (16.94, 16.97g), seed yield (2162, 2276 kg ha-1), gross return (114634, 116076 INR ha-1), net return (85041, 85712 INR ha-1), and B: C ratio (2.87, 2.82) of chickpea during both the years 2018-19 and 2019-20, respectively. Based on these compelling results, farmers are strongly advised to cultivate the Radhey variety of chickpea while implementing foliar applications of Zinc @ 0.5% + Boron @ 0.2% + Iron @ 0.1% for enhanced growth and higher yields

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Plant Growth Promoters on Yield Attribute, Yield and Economics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties

The field experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2021-22 at “Students’ Instructional Farm” of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The experiment included two factors, viz. timely shown wheat varieties, V1-DBW-187, V2-K-1006, and V3-K-607 in main-plot and plant growth promoters (PGPs), G0- Control, G1- Nitrobenzene @ 3ml l-1, G2-Gibberellic acid @ 2000 ppm, G3-Seaweed extract solid @ 25 kg ha-1, G4-Seaweed extract liquid @ 625 ml ha-1, G5-Micronutrients (Zn, Fe, B, Cu) @ 0.5% were selected in sub-plots. The overall 18 treatment combinations were accommodated in Split Plot Design and replicated thrice. The results of this study showed significant increases in yield attributes, yield and economics, viz. no. of ears m-2 (426.29, 417.63), length of ear (10.97, 10.53 cm), no. of grains ear-1 (69.55, 69.81), test weight (40.67, 39.66 g), grain yield (4764.67, 4402.33 kg ha-1) and  gross income (INR. 141547.00, 131446.90), net income (INR. 96773.00, 86672.74) and B: C ratio (3.14, 2.93) in  wheat varieties DBW-187, K-1006 respectively as compared to variety K-607. Among plant growth promoters,  G6-mixture of micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, B) @ 0.5% foliar spray at tillering stage, resulted significant increments in yield attributes, yield and economics, viz. no. of ears m-2 (445.43), length of ear (11.96 cm), no. of grains ear-1 (73.67), test weight (41.87g), grain yield (4813.67 kg ha-1), gross income (INR. 139707.40), net income (INR. 94263.00) and B: C ratio (3.06) as compared to control treatment. G3-Gibberellic acid @ 2000 ppm and G5-Seaweed extract liquid @ 625 ml ha-1 show significant result also. The maximum No. of ears m-2, Length of ear, No. of grains ear-1, Test weight, grain yield, gross income, net income and B: C ratio was recorded under the variety DBW-187 and   mixture nutrients (Zn Fe, Cu, and B)

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Not AvailableThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of flavoured milk enriched with antioxidative whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) by radical scavenging method. Whey protein concentrate (WPC) was hydrolyzed by using three commercial proteases; flavouzyme, alcalase and corolase PP and these WPHs were analyzed for degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities of these WPHs were evaluated using ABTS method. Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity of all the hydrolysates i.e. flavourzyme (0.81±0.04), alcalase (1.16±0.05) and corolase (1.42±0.12) was higher than the WPC (0.19± 0.01). Among these, whey protein hydrolysates prepared using corolase showed maximum antioxidant activity. Total 15 β-lactoglobulin, 1 α-lactoalbumin, and 6 βcasein derived peptide fragments were identified in the WPHs by LC-MS/MS. Due to their size and characteristic amino acid composition, all the identified peptides may contribute for the antioxidant activity. The strawberry and chocolate flavoured milk was supplemented with WPC and WPHs and 2 % addition has shown increase in antioxidant activity upto 42 %. The result suggests that WPH could be used as natural biofunctional ingredients in enhancing antioxidant properties of food products.Not Availabl