Muslim identity, psychic detachment, and universal rights

No description supplie

Emerging issues for international family law. Part 3: transnational marriage abandonment and the dowry question

This article is the last in the series of three articles on transnational marriage abandonment. It will consider the particular problem of dowry in transnational marriages which has implications for cases arising from abandonment in particular, and more broadly for cases of domestic violence and in financial settlements upon divorce in (international) family law. This article examines the meaning and nature of the practice of dowry and the contexts in which dowry is practiced in South Asia and in South Asian communities in the UK, as well as the implications of dowry for legal practice in England & Wales. The particular, the implications of dowry in transnational marriage abandonment will be scrutinised. Reflecting on the themes and issues emerging from the series, a set of recommendations in relation to gaps in current practice as well as risk indicators and recommendations to foster a more effective practice will be presented

Emerging issues for international family law. Part 2: possibilities and challenges to providing effective legal remedies in cases of transnational marriage abandonment

This is the second article in a tripartite series of papers about transnational marriage abandonment of women. The first article, published in October [2013] Fam Law 1247, outlines three forms of transnational abandonment of women. In this article we focus on the second category of abandonment where a wife is abandoned abroad by her husband who returns to England with her travel documents. Within this category we discuss cases where children are involved who in the majority of cases remain living in England while their mother is abandoned abroad. A common theme running through all these cases is that the wives are subjected to domestic servitude, isolation and domestic violence by their husbands and in-laws during the perpetuation of the marriage on the basis that their immigration status is insecure. This article will also touch upon legal remedies that are available to women who fall within the third category of abandonment, having never been sponsored to the UK following marriage, and explores the lack of safeguards and redress available to them within the family law arena – what is referred to as the ‘justice gap’ in the first article

IMPROVEMENT OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY PROFILE OF SIMVASTATIN IN COMPARISON TO REFERENCE PRODUCT (ZOCOR TABLETS) USING NANOPARTICULATE FORMULATION APPROACH

Objective: Simvastatin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor widely used in the treatment of Hyper (dys) lipidemia causes myotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. These safety issues limit dose of Simvastatin, lead to additional monitoring of the patients as well as discontinuation of therapy. To alleviate the adverse effects and to improve efficacy and safety profile, Simvastatin was encapsulated in the nanoparticulate formulation and compared with marketed reference formulation (Zocor tablets). Methods: The nano particles (NPs) were prepared using single emulsion diffusion method and optimized for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency. Results: The efficacy and safety of final formulation were evaluated in HFD induced hyperlipidemic albino rats. The results suggested that the NPs have significant improvement of efficacy and reduction of the toxicity in comparison to marketed reference formulation. Conclusion: By encapsulating the Simvastatin in the NPs, the 50% dose reduction can be achieved without compromising efficacy

Physical comorbidity and its impact on symptom profile of depression in Indian setting 2 (COSPO-DEP-2 study)

Background: The objective of the study was to determine the symptom profile and prevalence of comorbidities and to understand the prescription patterns of antidepressants among depression patients in India.Methods: The real-world, retrospective, observational COSPO-DEP-2 study was conducted at various centres across India between April 2021 and March 2022.Results: Data of 7288 patients with depression was analyzed. The mean (SD) age of the patients was 45.1 (11.9) years. Majority of the patients were males (54.2%) and literate (92.7%); 53.1% were unemployed; 14.5% were unmarried and other 8.8% patients were divorced or separated. Almost equal proportion of patients were from urban and rural areas. A family history of psychiatric disorder was present in 14.9% patients. More than half (57.3%) of the patients presented with first episode of depression. Mild depression was present in 38.87% patients, moderate depression in 38.06% patients and severe depression in 23.07% patients. Diabetes was the most common comorbid condition (31.5%) followed by hypertension (26.6%), migraine (24.6%), and chronic pain (16.6%). Majority (54%) of patients were prescribed combination of pharmacotherapy with psychotherapy. The most commonly prescribed drug for depression management was escitalopram (57.5%) followed by benzodiazepines (38.7%). Escitalopram was also the most commonly prescribed drug in patients with depression having comorbidities.Conclusions: Depression is common among both genders and more commonly seen among unemployed people and in those with family history of depression. The commonly reported comorbidities include diabetes, hypertension, migraine and chronic pain. Escitalopram is the most commonly used agent followed by benzodiazepines among patients of depression with or without comorbidities

Laparoscopic Management of Transcervical Fallopian Tube Prolapse

Laparoscopic total salpingectomy appears to provide effective treatment with minimal invasiveness for transcervical fallopian tube prolapse

FORMULATION OF CURCUMINOID LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY

Objective: Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of Curcuminoids were formulated and characterized in order to improve poor oral bioavailability of Curcumin. In vivo pharmacokinetics study in rats was conducted to demonstrate improved oral bioavailability.Methods: High pressure homogenization followed by ultrasonication method was adopted to formulate solid lipid nanoparticles of Curcumin. Compritol 888 ATO and Precirol ATO 5 were explored as solid lipids with LIPOID S 75 being used as surfactant. Freeze dried solid lipid nanoparticles were compared with marketed formulation of Curcumin (Adcumin®) in rat plasma using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method using ultraviolet (UV) detector.Results: Particle size measurements performed on Solid lipid nanoparticles of Curcumin revealed the mean particle size of 200-300 nm for optimized formulations and entrapment efficiency of close to 80%. Sucrose and Dextrose were suitable cryoprotectants to prepare freeze dried solid lipid nanoparticles. Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles exhibited sustained release pattern during in vitro release kinetics.Conclusion: In vivo pharmacokinetics study in Swiss albino rats revealed that encapsulation of Curcumin into solid lipid nanoparticles increased oral bioavailability of Curcumin to 12 folds when compared with marketed formulation of Raw Curcumin (Adcumin®).Â

Approaches to Improve the Surveillance, Monitoring, and Management of Noncommunicable Diseases in HIV-Infected Persons: Viewpoint.

Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are undergoing an epidemiological transition, in which the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is rising and mortality will shift from infectious diseases to NCDs. Specifically, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, renal diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancer are becoming more prevalent. In some regions, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, the dual HIV and NCD epidemics will pose challenges because their joint burden will have adverse effects on the quality of life and will likely increase global inequities. Given the austere clinical infrastructure in many LMICs, innovative models of care delivery are needed to provide comprehensive care in resource-limited settings. Improved data collection and surveillance of NCDs among HIV-infected persons in LMICs are necessary to inform integrated NCD-HIV prevention, care, and treatment models that are effective across a range of geographic settings. These efforts will preserve the considerable investments that have been made to prevent the number of lives lost to HIV, promote healthy aging of persons living with HIV, and contribute to meeting United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Prevalence of common disease-associated variants in Asian Indians

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Asian Indians display a high prevalence of diseases linked to changes in diet and environment that have arisen as their lifestyle has become more westernized. Using 1200 genome-wide polymorphisms in 432 individuals from 15 Indian language groups, we have recently shown that: (i) Indians constitute a distinct population-genetic cluster, and (ii) despite the geographic and linguistic diversity of the groups they exhibit a relatively low level of genetic heterogeneity.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We investigated the prevalence of common polymorphisms that have been associated with diseases, such as atherosclerosis (<it>ALOX5</it>), hypertension (<it>CYP3A5</it>, <it>AGT</it>, <it>GNB3</it>), diabetes (<it>CAPN10</it>, <it>TCF7L2</it>, <it>PTPN22</it>), prostate cancer (DG8S737, rs1447295), Hirschsprung disease (<it>RET</it>), and age-related macular degeneration (<it>CFH</it>, <it>LOC387715</it>). In addition, we examined polymorphisms associated with skin pigmentation (<it>SLC24A5</it>) and with the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (<it>TAS2R38</it>). All polymorphisms were studied in a cohort of 576 India-born Asian Indians sampled in the United States. This sample consisted of individuals whose mother tongue is one of 14 of the 22 "official" languages recognized in India as well as individuals whose mother tongue is Parsi, a cultural group that has resided in India for over 1000 years. Analysis of the data revealed that allele frequency differences between the different Indian language groups were small, and interestingly the variant alleles of <it>ALOX5 </it>g.8322G>A and g.50778G>A, and <it>PTPN22 </it>g.36677C>T were present only in a subset of the Indian language groups. Furthermore, a latitudinal cline was identified both for the allele frequencies of the SNPs associated with hypertension (<it>CYP3A5</it>, <it>AGT</it>, <it>GNB3</it>), as well as for those associated with the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (<it>TAS2R38</it>).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although caution is warranted due to the fact that this US-sampled Indian cohort may not represent a random sample from India, our results will hopefully assist in the design of future studies that investigate the genetic causes of these diseases in India. Our results also support the inclusion of the Indian population in disease-related genetic studies, as it exhibits unique genotype as well as phenotype characteristics that may yield new insights into the underlying causes of common diseases that are not available in other populations.</p