Variabilidad en la respuesta a tebuconazol de diferentes aislados de Sclerotium cepivorum

Resúmenes del XI Congreso de la Sociedad Española de FitopatologíaPeer reviewe

Estrategias de control químico, físico y biológico para la reducción de la incidencia de Sclerotium cepivorum en el ajo morado de las pedroñeras

Resúmenes del XI Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Fitopatología.Peer reviewe

Efecto del aporte de enmiendas orgánicas al suelo sobre las poblaciones de Fusarium spp. y sobre la podredumbre de rizomas y raíces de espárrago

Resúmenes del XIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de FitopatologíaPeer reviewe

Control de fusariosis del clavel en invernadero mediante aportaciones de gallinaza en suelo

Comunicación presentada en las V Jornadas Ibéricas de Horticultura Ornamental, celebradas en Faro (Portugal) del 13 al 15 de octubre de 2011.Peer Reviewe

Effects of soil amendment with poultry manure on carnation Fusarium wilt in greenhouses in southwest Spain

In a search for alternatives to methyl bromide for controlling carnation vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (Fod), poultry manure plus soil solarization was studied in soil under greenhouse conditions in four 2-year experiments. These were conducted in naturally infested soil to compare the effects of this treatment with soil solarization alone and methyl bromide. Soil treatments were performed during June 2000 for Experiment 1, from July to mid-August 2002 for Experiment 2, from late July to late August 2006 for Experiment 3 and from late May to late June 2008 for Experiment 4. Additionally, a treatment with commercial poultry manure pellet plus soil solarization was included in the two latter experiments. Poultry manure caused reductions of Fod viability in soil samples at depths of 15 and 30. cm, ranging respectively from 93 to 100% and 89 to 100% for Experiments 1, 2 and 3. Carnations planted in plots treated either with poultry manure, methyl bromide or soil solarization had lower final disease incidences, smaller areas under their disease progress curves and higher yields in comparison with untreated plots in Experiments 2, 3 and 4. In Experiment 1, soil solarization was performed under suboptimal conditions, and it provided disease levels and yields similar to those of the untreated control plots. Nevertheless, under the same conditions, previous amendment of Fod-infested soil with poultry manure increased disease control over soil solarization alone, improved carnation yield and quality and also increased plant vigor, thus providing a satisfactory alternative to methyl bromide. The application of organic amendment to the same plot before every crop cycle is recommended to ensure continuous disease control, but the rates of application could be reduced to half for the third and fourth crop cycles, thereby reducing undesirable environmental effects. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.The authors thank the financial support of the Spanish Ministries of Agriculture and Environment to R&D Projects SC97-130-C7-6, OT03-006-C7-5 and AT06-006-C7-3, and to the Junta de Andalucía for financing the Research Project AGR2313.Peer reviewe

Control of Fusarium wilt of carnation using organic amendments combined with soil solarization, and report of associated Fusarium species in southern Spain

Fusarium wilt is a disease that restricts carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) yield worldwide. Efficacies in reducing the Fusarium wilt of carnation (FWC), of various types of organic amendments (fresh or pelletized poultry manure, pelletized Brassica carinata and olive residue compost) combined with soil solarization, were compared in two biennial field trials conducted in a greenhouse with a history of carnation monoculture over 8 years. Soil treatments combining organic amendments and soil solarization significantly reduced disease incidence (86–99%) and increased the number of commercial carnation stems by 5–9 times compared to non-treated plots. Twenty-one Fusarium spp. isolates, with different colony morphologies were recovered from soil samples taken in the greenhouse, before the application of treatments in June 2013. Nineteen of them were morphological and molecularly characterized. Additionally, two pathogenicity tests with 17 isolates recovered from greenhouse soils and two isolates recovered from organic amendments were performed. Fusarium species associated with carnation cultivation were identified as Fusarium oxysporum (43%), Fusarium proliferatum (24%), and Fusarium solani (33%). The phylogenetic analysis of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α) region distinguished highly aggressive isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, from low aggressive isolates. The pathogenicity tests showed that FWC has a complex etiology, with several Fusarium spp. identified as causal agents. F. proliferatum and F. solani are associated with carnation wilt for the first time in Spain.Research supported by INIA projects RTA 2006-00011 and CC09-074 and EU FEDER founds.Peer reviewe

Use of poultry manure combined with Soil Solarization as a control method for meloidogyne incognita in carnation

The effectiveness of a combination of soil solarization and poultry manure (raw or pelletized) amendments for the control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) was tested in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) crops grown in in-ground beds under plastic-covered greenhouse conditions in southern Spain. Our trials demonstrated that soil solarization alone did not provide sufficient control of root-knot nematode, because the carnation growing season in this region only partly coincides with the most effective period for solarization, resulting in an insufficient duration of treatment during a key period for effectiveness. Chemical fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene + chloropicrin prior to planting was effective in reducing nematode population densities in soil. Its effects spanned 9 months after planting, resulting in acceptable crop yields. In comparison, the combination of soil solarization and raw or pelletized poultry manure was slightly less effective than chemical fumigation for control of this pathogen but crop yields after 9 months were similar. However, the higher root gall indices observed after 9 months, in comparison with chemically fumigated plots, indicated the need for a reapplication of the organic manure treatment at the start of each successive growing season. © 2012 The American Phytopathological Society.This work was financially supported by INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investi- gación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria) through projects AT06-006-C7-3, CC09-074 and FEDER funding from the European Union.Peer Reviewe